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1、2022年考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一)热门举荐：2022年考研报名时间、报名入口专题新东方网校举荐：2022年考研政治、英语、数学课程！点击进入免费试听>>Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)一、经济学史Economics, as we know it, is the
2、 social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (46) Other fields of study als
3、o contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (47) The first, price theory or microeconom
4、ics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as p
5、ossible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General Theory of
6、 Employment, Interest, and Money (1935), by the British economist John Maynard Keynes. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the total or aggregate demand for goods and services by consumers, business investors, and governments, (48) Because, according to Keynes, inadequate total d
7、emand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government.Economic issues have occupied peoples minds throughout the ages. (49) Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth,
8、property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against commerce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade. (50) During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were express
9、ed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded commerce as inferior to agriculture.Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of N
10、ations (1776), by the Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19th-century successors.答案46.其他领域的探讨也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图说明目标是如何形成的，历史记录着人们所追求的目标的改变，社会学则从社会环境的角度来说明人们的行为。47.第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学，说明在竞争的市场中供需间的相互作用是
11、怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的改变。48.因为，根据凯恩斯的理论，不充分的总体需求会增加失业，建议的解决方式是企业扩大投资或政府增加开支，继而增加预算赤字。49.古希腊的亚里士多德和柏图都在著作中谈到财宝、财产和贸易问题，两人都对商业持有偏见，认为靠生意来谋生是不足取的。50.在中世纪，罗马天主教会的经济学思想表达在其教法中，教法指责从借贷中获利的行为，并认为商业地位劣于农业。总体分析本文主要介绍了经济学的探讨发展历史。第一段：经济学的定义及探讨对象。其次、三段：经济学的两大领域：微观经济学和宏观经济学。第四、五段：经济学探讨的古代和现代理论。试题精解46.精解 本题考核的
12、学问点是：并列分句、后置定语。该句子中冒号后是并列的三个简洁句。第一个分句中how引导的从句做explain的宾语;其次个和第三个分句中都有介词in的短语做后置定语，翻译时应提前。词汇方面：contribute to意为“是的缘由;增进，有助于”;knowledge意为“学问;知晓，了解”，文中活译为“对的理解”。47.精解 本题考核的学问点是：宾语从句、状语。句子的主干是The first explains how。主语后的名词短语price theory or microeconomics是其同位语，因此翻译the first时，应增译为“第一个领域”。how引导宾语从句，其主干是the
13、interplay creates 。介词短语in competitive markets做地点状语，翻译时应前置。词汇方面：interplay意为“相互影响”;a multitude of意为“很多的，大量的”;individual意为“个别的，单独的， 个人的”;margin意为“(时间、空间、金钱的)余地”，profit margin指“利润空间”。48.精解 本题考核的学问点是：词性转换。该句是包含缘由状语从句的复合句,句子主干是the indicated cure is,表语由并列连词either or连接。词汇方面：indicated是过去分词用做形容词，动词indicate意为“
14、表明，示意，提及，建议”，依据上下文indicated译为“建议的”。more investment，more spending和larger budget deficits是形容词比较级加名词，依据汉语习惯转换成动词加名词的搭配，即“扩大投资”、“增加开支”和“增加预算赤字”。49.精解 本题考核的学问点是：定语从句、分词做状语。主句是Aristotle and wrote about problems ，后面接有both of whom引导的定语从句，采纳拆译法单独成句。句子最终的分词结构feeling that 在定语从句中做状语，翻译时也应单独成句，that后引导的是宾语从句，做fee
15、ling的宾语。词汇方面：be prejudiced against意为“对有偏见”，undesirable意为“不想要的，不得人心的”。50.精解 本题考核的学问点是：非谓语动词作后置定语、定语从句。该句含有which引导的非限定性从句做定语，翻译时拆开单独成句，并重复先行词，做从句的主语。词汇方面：condemn意为“指责”，taking of interest是动名词结构，可增译为“获利的行为”。全文翻译正如大家所知道的，经济学是与生产、安排、交换和消费物品和服务相关的社会科学。经济学家关注个人、群体、商业企业和政府试图有效地实现他们选定的任何经济目标的方式。其他领域的探讨也有助于对此的
16、理解：心理学和伦理学试图说明目标是如何形成的，历史学记录着人们所追求的目标的改变，社会学则从社会环境的角度来说明人们的行为。规范的经济学可分为两大主要的领域。第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学，说明在竞争的市场中供需间的相互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的改变。微观经济学认为人的行为是理性的。消费者努力以能带来愉悦的方式花费他们的收入。按经济学家所说，他们使效用化。对企业家而言，他们从经营中寻求的利润。其次个领域，宏观经济学，是涉及国民收入和就业的现代理论。宏观经济学最早可追述到英国经济学家约翰梅纳德凯恩斯1935年所著的就业、利息和货币通论一书。他对旺盛和萧条的说明围绕消费者、商业投资者和政府
