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1、2022年10月自考英语（二）阅读强化辅导天高鸟飞，海阔鱼跃;考试这舞台，秀出你独特的精彩;一宿好的睡眠，精神能百倍;一颗淡定的平常心，镇静应对，努力备考，考入志向院校！以下是我为大家整理的 2022年10月自考英语（二）阅读强化辅导供您查阅。Black HolesWhat is a black hole? Well, its difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.Astron
2、omers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape - not even light.So we cant see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space - or so we think. Ho
3、w can this happen?The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. Supernovae were reported by astronomers in t
4、he seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or neutron star - a star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very l
5、arge (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black h
6、ole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have called the boundary area around the hole the event horizon. We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole.For ex
7、ample, if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However an observer at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the center at all. Our space and time laws dont seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einsteins relati
8、vity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no absolute time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer. They are relative. We do n
9、ot yet fully understand the implications of the relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einsteins theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into bla
10、ck hole. In august 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes.The most convincing evidence of black holes co
11、mes from research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a partner to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one
12、 which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star.Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them
13、 are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. Thes
14、e speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.黑洞什么是黑洞呢?这个问题很难回答，因为我们通常
15、用来描述一种科学现象的术语用在这里来说明是不够的。天文学家和科学家们认为黑洞是个空间区域，物体会掉进去，而没有物体能从中逃逸出来即使是光也不能，所以我们看不到黑洞。黑洞产生很强的引力，而它却没有物质。它只是空间或者我们认为是空间。这是怎样发生的呢?理论是一些星球的密度增长到特定的时刻就会爆炸。它们崩溃时会产生超新星。在地球上看去，超新星就像天空中特别刺眼的灯，即使在白天也能看到其闪光。在17、18世纪，天文学家就有关于超新星的记录，一些人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。一颗星崩溃可能产生吸引力，你就了解黑洞的力气。黑洞旁边任何物质都会被吸进去，根本不行能说出黑洞里面发生了什么。科学家们把这个洞的边
16、缘区域称为事界。一旦物体经过这个边界，我们对所发生的事一窍不通。但是在理论上，在黑洞里的物质的运动确定与洞外有很大区分。例如：假如一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为自己很快就达到了其核心，但在事界的视察者则认为这个人根本不会到达黑洞的核心。我们的时空规律看起来不适于黑洞里的物体。爱因斯坦的相对论是可以说明这种现象的理论。爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此就没有肯定的时间和空间，根本不存在永恒，时间和空间的衡量取决于观测者所在的位置，它们是相对的。我们还没有完全理解相对论的含义，但有意思的是，在天文学家的着手发觉黑洞的存在证据之前，爱因斯坦就供应了黑洞这种想法的基础。只是近来科学家才起先对黑洞的详细探讨。1977年8月，放射了一颗卫星去收集关于被认为是在银河系的一千万个黑洞的数据。天文学家正在安排一个新的天文台以探讨个别的正在爆炸的被信任要变为黑洞的星球。黑洞最有劝服力的证据来自对双星系的探讨。双星，正如它们的名字所
