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1、2022四级长篇阅读匹配练习题(4)Heres the Totally Amazing Wonder Material That Could Revolutionize TechnologyA.In the technology industry,every new product or service seems to come with the promise that it is an innovation with the potential to change the worldGraphene(石墨烯)，a form of carbon，might actually do just
2、 that B.“Graphene is a wonderful material，”Jeanie Lau，a professor of physics at the University of California at Riverside，told Fortune“It conducts heat 10 times better than copper and electricity 101 times better than silicon，is transparent like plastic，extremely lightweight,extremely strong,yet fle
3、xible and elasticIn the past decade，it has taken the scientific and technology communities by storm，and has become the most promising electronic material to supplement or replace silicon”C.Graphene has already found its way into a number of compelling applications，Lau saidFor instance，“since it is b
4、oth transparent and electrically conductivetwo attributes rarely found in the same material in natureit has tremendous potential as the transparent electrode in monitorsdisplays；solar cells，and touch screens，”she explained“Companies such as Samsung that invest heavily in this area have already secur
5、ed patents，produced prototypes，and are expected to bring products to market in a few years”Wearable electronic devices，aviation components，broadband photodetectors(光电检测器)，radiation-resistant coatings，sensors，and energy storage are among numerous other areas of active researchLau said D.For many rese
6、archers and investors，the ultimate application is graphene-based transistors，the building blocks of modem electronicsBut getting there may take some time A child of graphiteE.First produced in a lab back in 2004，graphene is essentially a single layer of pure carbon atoms bonded together in a honeyco
7、mb lattice so thin its actually considered two-dimensional“We generally regard anything less than 10 layers of graphene as graphene；otherwise，its graphite，”said Aravind Vijayaraghavan，a lecturer in nanomaterials at the University of Manchester F.Even“graphene”is a bit of an umbrella term“To oversimp
8、lify,there are two major types of graphene，”Michael Patterson，CEO of Graphene Frontiers，saidThe first：“Nanoplatelets，”which are powders or flakes made from graphiteThese have been around for a while and are“not really super-sexy,”Patterson said“You mix them into polymers(聚合物)or inks or rubbers to ma
9、ke them conductive”In flake form，graphene is already on its way to becoming a commodity,Patterson addedThe other typein sheet or film formis where graphenes biggest promise liesGraphene sheets have“incredible potential for electronics，”Patterson saidIn the near term，that potential may manifest in si
10、tuations where the quantity requirements are“not that great”and where quality or conductivity doesnt have to be as high，such as in basic touch-screen applications，he saidProducts that use graphene in this way could arrive to market in the next six to 1 2 months G.Looking a little further out，graphen
11、e can be employed in membranes used for water desalinationLockheed-Martin already has a patented product known as Perforene“Its real and it works，but it wont be economically viable until the product reaches an industrial scale where the cost is measured in pennies per square inch”rather than dollars
12、 or tens of dollars per square inch，Patterson explained “Thats where were working today”Its expensive and low-capacityH. But use of graphene in semiconductorsthe technologys Holy Grailis likely a decade away“Many of the challenges presented by graphene are common to most new materials，”Paul Smith,a
13、patent associate with the Intellectual Property Law Group at Fenwick & West，told Fortune“The trick is figuring out how to synthesize graphene in a way that first is manufacturable beyond lab scale；second，preserves the desirable properties of the material；and third，can be integrated into a product or
14、 technology”I.Synthesizing graphene in sheet form is considerably more expensive and time-consuming than producing graphene flakesWhereas the latter typically involves a“quick and dirty”process by which bulk graphite is disassembled into millions of tiny pieces，Lau explained，large sheets of graphene
15、 are carefully“grown”on substrates(基板)such as copper，germanium，or silicon carbide J. Graphene sheets are also prone to defects and“very difficult to make in good quality,”Ron Mertens，owner and editor of Graphene-Infotom，saidProduction capacity is also very limited“There are thousands of small compan
16、ies that can make graphene，but its expensive and low-capacity,”Mertens saidalround wafer measuring one inch in diameter,for instance，costs about$1 00，he added K.An even thornier obstacle on the way to graphene transistors is the fact that the material has no“band gap，”an essential property that allows transistors to be turned on and off without leaking electronic charge in the“off”state，said Elias Towe，a
