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1、2020 届高考英语一轮复习学通语法第四讲定语从句新人教版1 / 11 第四讲 定语从句单句语法填空1 (2020 新课标全国卷语法填空)I d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 2 (2020 广东高考语法填空)When harvest came around, h
2、e was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly. 3(2020 新课标全国卷语法填空)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy. 4 (2020 广 东 高 考语 法填 空 )Nick s guests, who had heardtheir convers
3、ation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. 5(2020 江苏高考改编 )The number of smokers, as is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 6 (2020 四川高考改编 )The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 7 (2020 陕西高考改编)As the smallest child of his family,
4、 Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. 8 (2020 重庆高考改编 )He wrote many children s books, nearly halfof which were published in the 1990s. 一、关系代词指引的定语从句1 who, whom, whose 指引的定语从句2020 届高考英语一轮复习学通语法第四讲定语从句新人教版2 / 11 (1)who 或 whom 均可指代人，但who 在从句中作主语或宾语，whom 在从句中作宾语；
5、二者在指引限制性定语从句经常可用 that 替代。作主语时， who/that 不行省略；作宾语时， whom/who/that 能够省略。I ve become good friends with several of the students in my schoolwho/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位昨年在英语演讲竞赛中结纳的同校同学成了好朋友。I have many friends towhomI m going to send post cards. 我有好多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。(2)
6、whose 表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which ；指人时相当于of whom 。The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed forthe holidays. 这家校内商铺的主要顾客是学生，放假时商铺关门。2 that, which指引的定语从句(1)which指物，在从句中能够作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时能够省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中能够作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时能够省略。She showedthe visitors around the museum
7、that/whichhad been constructed three years before. 她带着这些旅客观光了那座三年前建筑的博物馆。(2) 限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的状况：先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someoneelse s fault. 我拒绝接受因他人的错误而对我进行的谴责。先行词是形
8、容词最高等或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高等或序数词修饰时。The first place thatthey visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林观光的第一个地方是象鼻山。2020 届高考英语一轮复习学通语法第四讲定语从句新人教版3 / 11 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all 等修饰时。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the
9、 dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真实爱吃的。先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and persons that they ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永久不会忘掉在他们的长途旅游中见到或听闻过的人和事。(3) 关系词只用 which 而不用 that 的状况：关系词指引非限制性定语从句时。The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much. 这个男孩离
10、家一个礼拜了，这使他父亲母亲很担忧。当从句中的介词提早，组成“介词关系代词”构造时。We live in an agein whichmore information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个信息比从前更简单获取的时代。3 as 指引的定语从句(1)as能够指引限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/thesame 先行词as .”构造中。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。 名师指津
11、which 指引定语从句代指前方整句话内容时只好位于主句以后。Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2020,which made 2020 届高考英语一轮复习学通语法第四讲定语从句新人教版4 / 11 one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.(2020安徽高考单选) 莫言被授与 2020 年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长远以来拥有的梦想之一变为现实。(2)as 也能够指引非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或以后。常用的这类近似插入语的句
12、式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。“You can t judge a book by its cover ，”as the old saying goes. 正如老话所说的那样：“人不行貌相。”二、关系副词指引的定语从句1 where 指引的定语从句where 表示地址，在定语从句中作地址状语，相当于“介词in/at/on . which ”。Opposi
13、te is St.Paul sChurch, where you can hear some lovely music.(2020 北京高考单项选择 ) Opposite is St.Paul s Church, in which you can hear somelovelymusic. 对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那边能听到一些悦耳的音乐。 名师指津 当先行词为 situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且指引词在定语从句中表示事情发生的状况、阶段等时，常用关系副词 where 指引。They have reached
14、the point where they have to separate with each other. 2020 届高考英语一轮复习学通语法第四讲定语从句新人教版5 / 11 他们已经到了一定分手的地步。2 when 指引的定语从句when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词 in/at/on/during. which ”构造。I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2020 湖南高考单项选择) 我正期盼那天的到来，那时
15、我女儿能够读这本书，而且认识我对她的感情。3 why 指引的定语从句why 表示原由，在定语从句中作原由状语，相当于“介词for which ”构造。Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原由吗？ 名师指津 非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原由此不用why。I had told them the reason, for which I didn t attend the meeting. 我把原由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。三、“介词关系词”指引的定语从句1介词和
16、关系代词确实定若介词放在关系代词从前，关系代词指人经常用whom，指物经常用which 。另外， whose 也能够放在介词后，即“介词whose 名词”构造。一般来说，确立关系代词前的介词，能够从以下三方面下手：2020 届高考英语一轮复习学通语法第四讲定语从句新人教版6 / 11 1先行词的意义；2从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；3句子的意思。Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋买卖是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to“献身，致力于”)Care of the soul is a gradual processin whicheven the small details of life should be considered.(2020湖南高考单项选择) 心灵的珍爱是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即便是生活中细小的细节也应该考虑在内。Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which( whos
