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1、高中英语真题 :备战 2014 高考英语精讲巧解分类攻克 14虚拟语气情况从句的动词主句的动词例句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be 动词一律用were)would/could/should/might 动词原形If I had time ，I would attend your party.如果我有时间，我就去参加你的宴会了。If I saw him now ，I would be very happy.如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。与过去事had过去would/could/should/might have过去分You didn t let me drive.If we had drive
2、n in turn，实相反分词词you wouldnt have got so tired.你当时不让我开车。如果我们轮流开，你就不会觉得那么累了。与将来事实相反动词的过去式；should动词原形；were to动词原形would/could/might/should动词原形If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我们就照相。注意：(1)若条件句中有 were，had，should ，可把 if 省略，而把 were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面
3、语中。Had you taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。If you had worked hard ，you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在 )(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。Without
4、 electricity( If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。But for your help ，it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day ，I would have gone there with the
5、m.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。1.(2010 湖南卷 )If he_my advice ，he wouldnt have lost his job.Afollowed Bshould followChad followed Dwould follow解析：句意为：如果他 (当时)接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为if 条件句表示与过去事实相反，故采用过去完成时。答案：C2(2011 厦门市质量检查 )Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I _late yesterday.Dont mention it.A
6、should be Bwould beCwill have been Dwould have been解析：考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事，因此要使用情态动词would 完成式。谢谢你提醒我时间，不然昨天我就迟到了。答案：D3(2011 山东潍坊质检 )_more careful ，the mistake would not have been made.AIf he is BHad he beenCShould he be DIf he has been解析：从主句中的 would not have been made 可知，这是与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此从句谓语动词用had
7、 been 的形式，又因助动词为 had 时，可将 if 省掉， had 提前，故 B 项正确。答案：B(1)在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should) 动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise 劝告， demand 要求，desire 渴望， command 命令， insist 坚持， prefer 宁愿，urge 主张， order 命令， recommend 推荐， request 要求，require 要求， suggest 建议，以及这些词的名词形式。Janes pale face suggested that
8、 she was ill，and her parents suggested that she (should)have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。(2)wish 后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语 had过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语 would 动词原形I wish she were here. 她在这儿就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish s
9、he had taken my advice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。1.(2010 福建卷)Teachers recommend parents_their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allow Bdo not allowCmustnt allow Dcouldn t allow解析：句意为：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让12 岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。本题考查虚拟语气用法。recommend ，suggest ，insist，order，request ，advise 等表“建议、命令、要求
10、”等意思的动词，后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should 动词原形”，should 可以省略。答案：A2(2011 山东潍坊质量抽样)The order came that the medical supplies _to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.Awould be sent Bshould sendCbe sent Dmust be sent解析：当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order，suggest ，command 等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用 should do，should 可以省略。 order 后的同
11、位语从句也用虚拟语气，故选C 项。答案：C(1)would rather 句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。I d rather we didn t go to see a film this evening.我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。(2)It is(high/about)time(that).句型中的虚拟语气在句型“ It is (high/about)time.”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should 动词原形”，意为“该是的时候了”。It is time (that)we went home.我们该回家了。(3)if only 引导的感叹句中的虚拟语
12、气在“ if only ”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“ would/could动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 If only I had not been ill last week!要是上周我没病该多好啊！1.(2010 合肥第三次教学检测 )Sorry，Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.Well._you hadnt wasted so much time playing online games.AAs if BEven ifCIf only DOnly
13、 if解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：爸爸，对不起，我的学习情况不太好。哦，要是你不把那么多的时间浪费在网络游戏上就好了。 if only( 但愿)接虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设。as if 好像， even if 即使， only if 只有，都是状语从句的连词，不符合语意。答案：C2. (2011 青岛一模 )My uncle suggests I_abroad.I would rather you_at home.Ago；stay Bwent；stayedCgo；stayed Dwent；stay解析：suggest 当“建议”讲时，从句中要用虚拟语气，结构是“should 动词原形”，s
14、hould 可以省略。 would rather 后面跟从句时，从句中也要用虚拟语气，根据语境此处应用过去时。答案：C1(2010 浙江卷 )Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy_.Awould have been saved Bhad been savedCwill be saved Dwas saved解析：句意为：如果我了解这种电脑程序的话，就可以节约大量的时间和精力。本题考查虚拟语气。如果表示与过去事实相反的话，条件句采用过去完成时态(如果省略 if 可采用部分倒装结构)，主句谓
15、语动词应采用“wouldhave过去分词”的结构，故答案为 A 项。答案：A2(2010 陕西卷 )If we_the other road ，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.Atake Bhad takenCtook Dhave taken解析：句意为：如果我们走另一条路，我们可能早就按时到会了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。根据句意及后边主句谓语might have arrived 可知 if 从句表示与过去事实相反，故if 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。答案：B3(2010 北京卷 )The weather has been v
16、ery hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables_.Awouldnt die Bdidn t dieChadnt died Dwouldnt have died解析：句意为：现在天气变得又热又干。是啊。如果当初下一点雨，现在情况也会好很多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。本题考查虚拟语气。题干中If 引导的从句为过去完成时，是对过去事情的虚拟，主句却是would do ，对现在事实的虚拟，此为干扰部分，考生须分析清楚句意，空格处表示蔬菜都死了，是过去的事实，在对过去的事实进行虚拟，故选择D 项。答案：D4(2009 福建卷 )But for the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not win Bwould not have wonCwould win Dwould have won解析：本题考查虚拟语气用法
