2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the bestword(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B5 C or D onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if you are a writer, you willfind the time; and that if you can't find the time, then writingisn't a priority, and you are not a writer. For him, writing is a—1 — job—a job like any other. He has_2_ it withplumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn't wake up andsay that he can't work with pipes today.—3—3 like most writers these days, you're holdingdown a job to pay the bills, ifs not _4_ to find the time towrite. But it's not impossible. It requires determination andsingle-mindedness. —5—that most bestselling authorsbegan writing when they were doing other things to earn aliving. And today, even writers who are fairly _6_ oftenhave to do other work to _7_ their writing income.Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the"unretirement” trend. Other reasons, according to the study,include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit5preventing boredom or avoiding depression.About 72% of "unretire” respondents said that theywould return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while59% said it would be tied to making ends meet."The concept of retirement is evolving,” said ChristineRussell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade.”lt's not just about finances. The value of work is alsodriving folks to continue working past retirement.”One reason for the change in retirement patterns:Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65and older was 16%in 20185 up 3.2% from the prior year,according to the U.S Census Bureau. Thafs also up 30.2%since 2010.Because of longer life spans, Americans are alsoboosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TDAmeritrade study showed, which surveyed 2000 adultsbetween 40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretirees” are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life, according tothe survey. Among the most popular ways they are doingthis, the company said, is by reducing their overallexpenses, securing life insurance or maximizing theircontributions to retirement accounts.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work inretirement are preparing to do so because they are worriedabout making ends meet in their later years, said BrentWeiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planningfirm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees shouldspeak with a financial adviser to set long-term financialgoals.“The most challenging moments in life are gettingmarried, starting a family and ultimately retiring；1 FacetWealth cofounder Brent Weiss told USA Today. "It's notjust a financial decision, but an emotional one. Manypeople believe they can't retire/126. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that[A] over half of the retirees are physically fit for work [B] the old workforce is as active as the younger one[C] one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement[D] more Americans are willing to work in retirement27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americanstend to think that [A] retirement may cause problems for them[B] boredom can be relieved after retirement[C] the mental health of retirees is overlooked[D] “unretirement” contributes to the economy28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to[A] labor shortages[B] population growth[C] longer life expectancy[D] rising living costs29. Many retires are increasing in savings by [A] investing more in stocks[B] taking up odd jobs[C] getting well paid work[D] spending less30. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks thatmany people are [A] unprepared[B] unafraid[C] disappointed[D] enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them, in both our personal andprofessional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked orfrustrated by a membership or subscription that had aseamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancelsomething that should be simple and transparent can becomplicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of darkpatterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert HarryBrignull, "dark patterns11 is a catch-all term for practicesthat manipulate user interfaces to influence thedecision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 typesof common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection andhidden costs to roach motel, where user experience seemseasy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when theuser tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employsthese design practices. Though widely prevalent, theconcept of dark patterns is still not well understood.Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of darkpatterns and try to。