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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上基本句型结构句子按其结构可分为、和。 一、简单句基本形式：简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来，如五大基本句型： 1.主语+谓语这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例： Things change.事物是变化的。 Nobody went.没有人去。 -Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？ -NO，we flew.不，我们是飞去。 2.主语+连系动词+表语这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语，例： Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳
2、先生是位画家。 The milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了。 She became a lawyer.她当了律师。 3.主语+谓语+宾语这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例： We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。 My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。 4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例： He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。 Ill write you a
3、 long letter.我将写给你一封长信。 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例： I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。（形容词easy作补语） Ill let him go.我将让他去。（不定式go用作补语） 注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例： China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。（China a
4、nd other countries并列主语） Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。 练习：根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词1. 他在听。 2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？ He _ _. Did you _ _ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。 4. 事物总是变化的。 The rain _ _ two hours. Things are always _.5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。 His dream to China _ _ _. 单项选择( )6. An MP5 play
5、er of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. waitB. waitingC. waitedD. to wait( )7. It _ outside. I have to stay at home. A. rainB. is rainingC. rained D. has rained( )8. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has playe
6、d D. will play( )9. What did your father say just now? Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone. A. am talking B. talkC. was talking D. have talked( )10. You _ first and I _ behind. A. go; was followingB. will go; follow C. will go; followedD. go; will follow二、并列句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简
7、单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and, but, or, so等。并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 练习：1. - I dont like chicken _ fish.- I dont like chicken, _ I like fish very much. A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or; and2. The bell is ringing _ the lesson is over.A. but B. or C. and D.
8、yet3. Im reading a newspaper _ Mr Zhang is writing a letter.A. so B. while C. when D. or4. You have talked much,_ you havent come to the point.A. so B. but C. for D. still5. They cant drive a car. _ can I.A. Nor B. So C. But D. and1.He helps me I help him .2. I was just leaving the telephone rang.3.
9、 The manager was ill I went in her place.4. she felt ill, she still went to work.5. I am busy today, can you come tomorrow?三、复合句在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。1、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位
10、语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 练习：1. It is such a modern machine_few of the workers know how to operate it.A. which B. that C. as D. the one2. Is this museum_ they visited last week?A. where B. that C. which D. the one3. Is this farm_ you used to work?A. where B. that C. wh
11、ich D. the one1）主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 It is
12、 known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1） It + be + 名词 + that从句 （2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 （4）It
13、 + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 练习：用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。1. _ he didnt attend the meeting yesterday wasnt quite clear.2. The Foreign Minist
14、er said, “It is our hope_ the two sides will work towards peace.”3. _ team will win the match is still unknown.4. _ comes to the party will receive a present.5. _ Mary has left is still a question.6. Its reported _ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.2）宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与
