必修一 U2 Exploring English【学习目标】1．掌握第二单元单词和相应的变形2．复习单词构词法，学会从基本单词推出高级单词趣味导入：l Have you known something about American English and British English？l After leaning this lesson，list all the differences between American English and British English知识点精析Neither Pine nor Apple in PineappleHave you ever asked yourself (1)why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me (2)whether there was ham in a hamburger.There isn’t.This made me realize (3)that there’s no egg in eggplant either.(4)Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.This got me thinking (5)how English can be a crazy language to learn.For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo.And (6)when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! (7)While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick (8)when we get back home.And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing?(9)If “hard” is the opposite of “ soft”， why are “hardly” and softly not an opposing pair? (10)If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?(11)When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But (12)when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.Even the smallest of words can be confusing.(13)When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？” What about “IT” and “US”？You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language (14)in which a house can burn up as it burns down, (15)in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and (16)in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(17)That is why when the stars are out, they are visible , but when the lights are out, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.文章翻译：你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常在学习英语方面有困难？我从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里是否有ham(火腿)。
答案是没有这让我意识到eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(鸡蛋)pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)，也没有apple(苹果)这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？例如，我们可以在闲暇时雕刻一座雕像(sculpt a sculpture)、画一幅画(paint a painting)，但我们只能拍一张照片(take a photo)旅行时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面(in)，但是坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面(on)！同样，我们会在海上晕船(seasick at sea)、在飞机晕机(airsick in the air)、在车里晕车(carsick in a car)，但回到家里我们却不会“晕家”(homesick，实际意为“想家的，思乡的”)说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业)和housework(家务)(这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却)不是一回事呢？“it’s snowing”. But when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.如果说hard(硬)是soft(软)的反义词，为什么hardly(几乎不)和softly(柔和地，轻柔地)却不是一对反义词呢？如果说harmless actions(无害的行为)与harmful actions(有害的行为)意思相反，为什么无耻的行为(shameless behaviors)和可耻的行为(shameful behaviors)反而是一回事？当我们望向窗外，看到雨(rain)或雪(snow)时，我们可以说正在下雨(it’s raining)或正在下雪(it’s snowing)。
但当我们看到阳光(sunshine)时，我们不能说“正在下阳光”(it’s sunshining)即使是最短小的单词都让人费解当你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO时，你会把它读为Who’s that?中的who吗？那么“IT”和“US”又该怎么读呢？你也会对英语这门语言独有的疯狂感到惊奇在英语里，房子烧成灰烬时，可以说burn up(字面意思是“烧上去”)，也可以说burn down(字面意思是“烧下去”)；填表时，你可以说fill in a form(字面意思是“填入表里”)，也可以说fill out a form(字面意思是“填到表外”)；而且只有闹钟走了(go off字面意思是“离开”)以后你才能听到铃声！英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力这就是为什么stars are out(星星出现了)时，我们能看到星星，而当lights are out(灯光熄灭)时，我们却看不到灯光这也是当我wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条)以后表针开始走，而我wind up this passage(将本文收尾)后这篇文章结束的原因1)why引导宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语，意为“为什么”。
2)whether引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”3)that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，也不表示任何意义，可以省略4)neither...or...既不……也不……，neither置于句首，句子要部分倒装5)how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，意为“怎么，如何”6)(8)(11)(12)(13)when引导时间状语从句7)while引导时间状语从句9)(10)if引导条件状语从句14)(15)(16)in which引导定语从句，均修饰language17)This is why...“这就是为什么……，这就是……的原因”，why后接表示结果的句子；but连接并列复合句1.opposite adj.相反的，相对的，对立的，对面的n.对立面，对立物prep.在……对面/对过adv.在对面，在对过·If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？(教材P15)如果hard(坚硬的)用法总结be opposite to 在……对面；与……相反just the opposite 恰恰相反词块积累the opposite sex 异性the opposite meaning 相反的意思in the opposite direction 在相反的方向2.confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的·Even the smallest of words can be confusing.(教材P15)单词一族confuse vt. 使迷惑，混淆confused adj. 困惑的confusion n. 混乱，困惑用法总结confuse...with/and... 把……和……混淆be confused about sth 对某事迷惑不解in confusion 困惑地，混乱地3.reflect vt.反映；反射(声、光、热等)；显示；表达；沉思·English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(教材P15)单词一族reflection n. 反映；映像；沉思，深思reflective adj. (指人、心情等)深思熟虑的；(指物体表面)反光的用法总结reflect on/upon sth 认真思考……on/upon reflection 经再三思考1.have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难短语记牢(1)have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth做某事有困难/麻烦(2)have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth在某方面有麻烦或有困难2.look out of从……往外看·When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it’s raining” o。