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1、xx职称英语新增文章理工类（五） When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice aentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a ro
2、bot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Todays robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A mo
3、dern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligencethat is, a robot contains a puter program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not possess a human shape f
4、or the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in bination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robo
5、t utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robots base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will re
6、ach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the puter, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robots actions. As science and technology advance, the rob
7、ot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs. envision v. 想象，预想 device n. 装置 aentuate v. 强调，重读 artificial intelligence n. 人工智能 limb n. 臂 antennae n. 天线 incline v. 倾斜 pendulum n. 钟摆 ultrasonic adj. 超声的 metallic adj. 金属的 monotone n. 单调的 humanoid adj. 像人的 axle n. 轮轴
8、 rotate v. 旋转 swivel n. 旋转 teeter v. 摇晃 gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪 vertical n. 直立的 1.To find its way in its surroundings.：为了在周围找到路 2.the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上(以此来探知路径)。 1.Another good title for this passage would be
9、ARobots: Taking the Place of Humans. BArtificial Intelligence Programs. CTodays Robots and How They Function. DModern-Day Sensors. 2.Artificial intelligence is Athe unnatural way in which robots move. Ba voiceless, box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks. Csensors such as antennae and a gy
10、roscope. Da puter program that imitates human intellectual processes. 3.The last paragraph suggests that future robots will be Amore humanlike in behavior and actions. Bmore like automatic machines. Cbetter able to move on inclines. Dbetter equipped with laser light sensors. 4.The writer begins the
11、passage by paring Athe shape of a human being with a box. Ba modem robot with a fictional robot. Can imaginary machine with a human. Da puter program with artificial intelligence. 5.The word humanoid means Alacking human characteristics. Banything having the appearance of a humanoid. Cbeing void or
12、vacant. Dhaving a human form or characteristics. 1.C从文中得知，文章主要介绍了机器人和它们的运行方式，因此选择C选项。 2.DArtificial是“人工”的意思，intelligence是“智能”的意思。另外从文中得知，机器人使用artificial intelligence能够进展与人类类似的推理分析等活动，因此可知它是一种类似人类智能的计算机程序。 3.A最后一段讲机器人的开展方向是更加智能，能够自己判断并修正行为，而不仅仅是完成重复性的工作。 4.B文章开头的时候作者让读者描述他们脑海中的机器人概念，并随后介绍了实际的机器人是怎样的，因此选择B选项。 5.D从humanoid的词根human可看出这个词是形容与人类有关的特征。另外根据文章对这个词的描述可以得出这个词是表示和人类类似的特征，不管是外形上，还是行为方式上。
