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1、名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -定语从句一、基本概念：定语：定语从句 ：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now.That is the house where he lived ten years ago.引导词：关系词关系代词有： that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当：关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当：先行词：定语从句中引导词的作用：二、关系词的用法：
2、（一）关系代词的用法：1作主语用 who, which 和 that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2作宾语用 whom, who, which, that, 如：The man whom/who/that we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book which/that I bought last week.注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, th
3、at 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用 whom, 不行省略；用于指物的关系代词which 和 that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略；3作定语用 whose, 如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose 名+ 词中心词 ”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 （如上 a 句），又能作宾语（如上 b 句）；whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指详细事物或
4、抽象概念，这时可以与of which结构互换，词序是： “名词+of which ”，如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. = the back wall of whichHe s written a book the name of which I ve completely forgotten. = whose name 4作表语只用 that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但经常省略；如：He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the
5、dirty place that it used to be. 第 12 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - -（二）关系副词的用法：1 when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time,day, morning, night, week, year 等；如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born.注： when 经常可以省略，特殊是在某些句型和某些时间状语中；如：Each time he
6、came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语；它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等，如：This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注： where 有时也可以省略；如：This is the place whe
7、re we met yesterday.3 why 指缘由或理由，它的先行词只有reason；如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注： why 经常也可以省略；如：That is the real reason he did it.三 使用关系副词应留意以下几点： 1这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于肯定的介词+which 结构：when = on in, at, during + which; where = in at, on + which;why = for which.如：I was in Beijing on the day
8、when =on which he arrived. The office where =in which he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why =for which we did it.2当先行词是表时间的time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，肯定要留意分析从句的结构，假如缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应当用which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或 where，试比较：I ll never forget the day when my hometown wa
9、s liberated.I ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3 when 和 where 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；而why只能引导限制性定语从句； 三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句说明先行词的情形，对先行词起限定作用，
10、与先行词关系特别亲密，不行用逗号隔开，也不行省略，否就全句意义就不完整；如：This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything that I can do for you.2非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，假如省略， 原句的意义仍旧完整；这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开；如：This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making t
11、hings, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不行以用 that 和why；另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简洁句来表达；如：I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I
12、happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯独性，这在懂得和翻译时应特殊留意；试比较：All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. All the books there that
13、 have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一个）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一个） 4有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采纳 which 或 as来引导；如：He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.注：（1）as 引导的从句可以放在主句之
14、前，而which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后；They are hollow, which makes them very light. As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）从意义上讲， which 指前面主句的内容；而as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成 “就象那样”；（3）假如定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，就用which，而 不用 as，如：She stole her friend s money, which was disgraceful. He tore up my photo, which u
15、pset me.5在正式文体中，以the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which 或 that 引导，如：The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which 或 that : The way in which he spoke to us was suspicious.I don t like the way that you laugh at her.四关系词的挑选1在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人， which 指物；关系代词做宾语，常用 whom（口语中有时用who）指人， which 指物，它们都不能用that 代替； 2关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，仍是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom
