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1、2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to kn
2、ow is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satis
3、fy curiosity. For one5, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some w
4、ere electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photogra
5、phs of disgusting insects.The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can12new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such13can backfire. The i
6、nsight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image. These results suggest that
7、 imagining the18of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about longterm20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity, Hsee says. In other words,dont read online comments.1、单选题第（1）题选_.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.reso
8、lve 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格处填入动词，与名词uncertainty“不确定的事，未知事物”构成搭配。由下一句可知该研究说明的是人有很强烈的求知欲(need to know)，因此对于“未知的事物”应该去了解、认识，D项“解决，解答”正确。2、单选题第（2）题选_.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格处填入动词，与to构成搭配，说明人类应怎样对待“满足好奇心”(satisfy their curiosity)。由前半句可知，人类的求知欲很强(need to know is so strong)，第二段也提到in an effort to
9、 satisfy curiosity“努力满足好奇心”。结合选项，refuse意为“拒绝”，seek意为“寻求”，wait意为“等待”，regret“遗憾”。只有seek填入文中“寻找方法满足好奇心”最符合语境，故选B。3、单选题第（3）题选_.A.riseB.lastC.hurtD.mislead 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格位于even when引导的让步状语从句中，句意为“即使结果明显会_，人们还是会满足好奇心”，由even when“即使”来看，这个结果应该是负面的；而由首句will obviously be painful来看，为满足好奇，人是会做一些不愉快的事。结合选项，rise意
10、为“上升”，last意为“持续，最后”，hurt意为“损害，受痛苦”，mislead意为“误导”。由此可知C项hurt与painful是近义复现，故选C。4、单选题第（4）题选_.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格处填入动词，构成sboneself to sth的结构，说明研究是要测试学生哪方面的意愿，且这样做的目的是满足好奇心(satisfy curiosity)。从下一段可知，在实验中学生要想知道哪些笔带电的话就得摁下笔受到电击，这是对应第一段的“为了求知做一些痛苦的事(painful)”。结合选项，alert意为“使警觉”，expose意
11、为“使暴露”，tie意为“捆，绑”，treat意为“款待”。只有B项填入文中指要满足好奇心，就会“遭受到”不愉快的刺激，符合上下文的逻辑，故选B。5、单选题第（5）题选_.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept 正确答案：A 参考解析：由空格所在句中的participant“参加者”，researcher“研究人员”及previous experiment“之前的实验”可知，本句描述的是实验过程，是在描述段首提到的四个实验之一(In a series of four experiments)。结合选项，trial指“试验”与此对应，故选A。6、单选题第（6）题选_.
12、A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格处填入动词，与名词an electric shock“电击”构成搭配。由下一段可知，有些笔是带电的(electrified)，摁下笔会发出电击(clickedpens and incurredshocks)，所以空格需要类似“产生电击、发出电击”的词义。结合选项，remove意为“擦除”，deliver意为“递送，给予”，weaken意为“削弱”，interrupt意为“打断”。B项deliver可与shock构成搭配，意为“发出电击”，符合语义，故选B。7、单选题第（7）题选_.A.Unle
13、ssB.IfC.WhenD.Though 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格处填入引导词，说明从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。空格后为过去分词结构left alone，此处省略了主谓结构，实为students were left alone“学生被单独留下”或“学生独自留在房间”，主句讲述的是参与实验的学生的具体行为，故此处需要的是表时间的逻辑词，表示“当学生独自留在房间时，他们会有怎么样的反应”，故选c。8、单选题第（8）题选_A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格位于定语从句中，说明第一类学生的特点；空格所在处的主语that指代的是wh
14、ich ones would shock them，即“哪些笔是带电的”。本段首句提到，实验对象有两类学生，一类知道哪些笔是带电的，另一类只知道有些笔带电，但不知道具体是哪些笔。本句第一个who引导的定语从句指代了第二类学生，故空格所在处应指第一类学生，即知道哪些笔是带电的，故他们是知道“摁下笔被电”是会“发生”的，故happen符合语义，故选D。9、单选题第（9）题选_.A.such asB.rather thanC.regardless ofD.owing to 正确答案：A 参考解析：空格填入介词短语，表明空格前后的逻辑关系。空格前的other stimuli“其他刺激物”指类似“被电”
15、这类不愉快的体验；而空格后的“指甲划过黑板的声音”和“令人作呕的昆虫照片”在逻辑上应属于这类不愉快体验的举例，such as符合文章逻辑，故选A。10、单选题第（10）题选_.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格处填入动词，The drive to指“对的需求”，全文讨论的是求知欲(need to know)和满足好奇心(satisfy curiosity)，故此处应复现全文关键词，填入discover“对探索、发现的需求”符合题意，故选C。11、单选题第（11）题选_.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格处填入名词，与shelter“住处，栖身之地”并列，都表示人类最基本的需求(basic drives)。结合选项，pay意为“支付，薪酬”，food意为“食物”，marriage意为“婚姻”，schooling意为“学校教育”。food“食物”是最基本的需求，符合上下文句意，故选B。12、单选题第
