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1、xx年公共英语三级语法解析（情态动词） 情态动词，在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点： 1)各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。 2)情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。 3)情态动词在句中不受任何人称，性，数变化的影响。 4)情态动词后接的不定式(除ought外)都不带to ，即接动词原形。 He can speak five languages. 他会说五种语言。 She must have arrived home by now. 现在她准到家了。 We should study hard for our motherland. 我
2、们应该为祖国而努力学习。 They neednt be in such a hurry for there is enough time for them. 他们还有足够的时间，用不着这么慌张。 You can borrow this useful book from the library . 你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。 A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found . 不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。 Now people can skate on the lake 现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。 When
3、the storm stopped ， the plane could take off. 当风暴停下来时，飞机可以起飞了不得。 Can I ask you some questions about it? 我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗? You can not leave here till I e back. 直到我回来你才能离开。 Such kind of thing cant happen any more later. 这类事以后不准再发生了。 Can you tell me how to get to the airport? 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗? Could you te
4、ll me how to get to the airport? 您能告诉我怎么去机场吗? Could I be forgiven my negligence? 请原谅我的疏忽，行吗? How can / could you be here? 你怎么会在这儿? She couldnt / cant be so stupid to do that. 她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。 He couldnt / cant be over seventy. 他不可能有七十多岁了。 Where could / can the boy be now? 那孩子现在能在哪儿呢? 另外，could还常用于表示较客气委
5、婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的构造中。这时候，could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。如： Could you speak a little slowly?您能稍微说慢一点儿吗? Im afraid that we couldnt give you any definite answer at this moment. 恐怕我们这时候还无法给予您任何确切的答复。 I could e earlier if asked .如果要让我早一点来，我可以来早一点。 We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help.
6、 如果您能为我们提供帮助的话，我们将不甚感谢。 You could have done better if you had worked harder at it. 如果你再加把劲，本来可以干得更好一些的。 (might可以看作是may的过去式，这两个词除了时态不相同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。) I may be busy from tomorrow on. 从明天起我可能会忙起来。 You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in th
7、e morning. 你在早晨五点钟以前起来，或许能从这儿看到日出。 I wondered if they might agree with the idea. 我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。 She thought it might be wise to try her luck here. 她认为在这儿碰碰运气也不错。 May I e in? 我可以进来吗? Id like to have a smoke here if I may. 如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。 The librarian told her that she might return the book to the
8、 library in three days. 图书馆理员告诉她说，她可以在三天后还那本书。 At the press conference， a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue. 在记者招待会上，一位新闻记者问大会主席她是否能提一个有关两岸问题方面的问题。 May that day e soon. 但愿这天早日到来。 May you sueed in winning the first prize in the game. 祝愿你比赛夺冠成
9、功。 May you continue in your efforts and achieve greatersuesses. 祝愿你继续努力并取得更大的成功。 4)might也常用于表示目的等状语从句中，或用于虚拟语气的构造中 I could not convince him， try as I might. 我无论用什么样的方法也不能说服他。 They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train. 那天，他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。 He died so that the others mig
10、ht live. 为了其他的人能活下去，他自己牺牲了。 If you had made better use of your time， you might have learned more. 假假设你将自己的时间利用得更好一些，你本可以学到更多东西的。 One error in calculation might ruin the whole project. 计算中出一点错就可能毁掉整个工程。 注意：在答复以may引导的问句时，一般说来防止使用may，以免显得太严厉、或不太客气，而改用其他方式。例如： May I e in ? Yes， please. 请进。 我可以进来吗? Sure.
11、 / Certainly. 请进。 Please dont. 请不要进来。 No， you mustnt. 不行。 We must protect peoples rights. 我们应该保护人民的利益。 Everyone must be loyal to his motherland. 每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。 You must serve the people when you grow up. 你们长大成人时应该效劳于人民。 Students must work hard at their study. We must speed up the pace of our economi
12、c reform. 我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。 We must keep steps to the scientific development. 我们一定要与科学的开展保持一致步调。 You must hurry up or youll be late. 你必须得快点儿，不然会迟到的。 在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事; have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有时态的变化形式。如： I have to go now for Ive got a meeting 15 minutes later. 我现在必须要走了，因为我15分钟后有
13、个会要开。 He has to be back home by five to fetch his son from kindergarten. 他必须在五点钟前回家去幼儿园接他的儿子。 Jenny had to tidy up the room before her mother came back. 珍尼不得不在她妈妈回家以前将房间好。 Well have to reconsider the whole thing. 我们将不得不重新考虑整个事情。 注意：在这种用法中，答复以must引导的问句时，假设是否认答复，不可以用mustnt 而需要用neednt 或是dont have to，因为
14、mustnt意思是绝不能、一定不要，而没有“不必”的意思。例如： Must we hand in our exercises today? 我们今天必须交作业吗? Yes， you must. 是的，必须交。 No， you neednt (or， you dont have to )。 不，不必今天交。 You must not speak ill of others. 你一定不要说别人的坏话。 Cars must not parked here. 这里制止停车。 Smoking must not allowed in the office. 严禁在办公室吸烟。 You mustnt tal
15、k to girls like that. 你绝不能那样对女孩子说话。 You must be tired after working so long. 你工作这么久以后，肯定累了吧。 It must be that naughty boy crying outside. 肯定是那个淘气的孩子在外面大叫。 The idea must be aepted by the society sooner or later. 这种想法肯定或迟或早会被社会所承受的。 It must have rained last night for it is so wet outside. 外面这么湿，昨晚肯定下雨了。 I didnt see you in class yesterday. You must have been absent. 我昨天上课没见着你，你肯定没有来。 You ought not to be so careless in your work. 你不应该在工作上如此
