专四语法三:反义疑问句

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1、专四语法二:反义疑问句反义疑问句的形式:反意疑问句是附加在陈述句之后,对所陈述内容提出质疑或通过反问以强化陈述内容的一种疑问句。总体原则:如果陈述部分是肯定的,附加部分用否定形式;如果陈述部分是否定的,附加部分用肯定形式。附加部分的助动词和代词应与陈述部分一致。反义疑问句具体用法总结如下: 若陈述部分含有否定意义的词如no, never, seldom, hardly, none, few, little, rarely, scarcely, neither, neithernor,tooto等时,反意疑问句的疑问部分则用肯定形式。例如:He has never been to Beijing

2、, has he? There is little rain this year, is there? He is too young to look after himself, is he? She is seldom late for school, is she?注1:在tooto句型中若用形容词glad, pleased, ready, eager等时,不适用这一原则, 因为此时并非表示否定含义,对于这点要特别注意。例如:He is too eager to join the army,isnt he? She is too glad to receive a doctors deg

3、ree,isnt she?注2:若否定含义是通过使用前缀(如:un-,in-,im-,dis-,)和后缀(如-less,)等构成时,其反意疑问句的疑问部分仍用否定形式。例如:You are unfair,arent you?He dislikes these ways,doesnt he?第一类:与陈述部分主语相关一、如果陈述部分的主语是something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词代替“物”时,疑问部分的主语用it代替;如果陈述部分的主语是someone (somebody), anyone (anybody), no one(nobody),ev

4、eryone (everybody)等不定代词代替“人”时,疑问部分的主语用they代替。例如:Everythinggoesverywell,doesntit?SomethingiswrongwiththatTVset,isntit?Someonestolemywatch,didntthey?EveryonewenttothezoolastSunday,didntthey?Nobodyislateforschool,arethey?注:nothing在陈述部分中若做主语时,疑问部分用肯定形式,若做宾语或表语时,疑问部分用肯定形式或否定形式均可。例如:Nothinghappens,doesit?

5、(nothing做主语)Themanagerknewnothingaboutthatproject,did/didnthe?(nothing做宾语)Sheisnothingtome,is/isntshe?(nothing做表语)另注:在指人的不定代词疑问句中,正式场合用he,非正式场合用they.Everybodyenjoytheparty,didntthey?二、若陈述部分的主语是this, that时,疑问部分的主语用it代替;若陈述部分的主是these, those时,则疑问部分的主语用they代替。例如:This is an interesting story, isnt it?Tho

6、se are your classmates, arent they?三、若陈述部分的主语是动词不定式、动名词及从句时,疑问部分的主语用it代替。例如:To learn English well is very important, isnt it? Seeing is believing, isnt it?What we need most now is more money, isnt it?四、若陈述部分的主语是one时,疑问部分的主语常用one代替,偶尔用you代替。例如:One cant know what will happen in the future, can one? /c

7、an you? One should learn more knowledge now, shouldnt one? /shouldnt you?五、若陈述部分是由neithernor, eitheror, bothand, not onlybut also等连词连接的两个名词或代词做句子主语时,疑问部分的主语用复数代词代替。例如:Both Lucy and Lily came to this party, didnt they? Not only Kate but also Jane likes dancing, dont they? Either you or Li Ping is goi

8、ng to the meeting, arent you?六、若陈述部分的主语是the +形容词表一类人时,疑问部分的主语用代替;若是表某一抽象概念时,疑问部分的主语用it代替。例如:The rich are not always very happy, are they? The young should respect the old, shouldnt they? The beautiful isnt always good, is it?七、有时,陈述部分的主语是单数还是复数,较难判断,判断清楚以后,疑问部分的主语在人称和数方面要与陈述部分的主语保持一致。例如:One of the p

9、olicewomen is standing over there, isnt she? The actress and director decides to sing us a song, doesnt she? The writer and the teacher will come to give us a talk next week, wont they?Her brothers name is Li Ming, isnt it?八、有时,虽然陈述部分用第一人称代词做句子主语,但反意疑问句的疑问部分是表示征求别人的意见,此时,反意疑问句的疑问部分实际上相当于另一个句子,含义相当于W

10、hatHow about you?或者What do you think?。例如:I find this lesson is too difficult, dont you? (=What /How about you?) I believe he is right, dont you? (=What about you?) I think she is very friendly to us, dont you? (= What do you think?) I dont suppose he will win this game, do you?(=What do you think?)

11、九、若陈述部分是 I am时,疑问部分用arent I?若陈述部分是 Im not时,则疑问部分用am I?.例如:I am foolish, arent I? Im not careful enough, am I?十、若陈述部分为I/We wish时,反意疑问句的疑问部分用may I/we?;但若句子主语是第二、三人称代词时,反意疑问句的疑问部分则根据人称代词选择适当的助动词。例如:I wish to visit the Great Wall,may I? I wish I could fly to the moon one day,may I? Tom wishes to go abro

12、ad,doesnt he?You wish to make friends with us,do you?十一、若陈述部分是There be 句型结构时,疑问部分的主语用there; 若there是和其他成分构成倒装句型时,疑问部分则根据主语的人称和数的一致原则而定。例如:There are some foreign teachers in their school, arent there? There will be a football match, wont there? There goes the bell, doesnt it? There comes the bus, does

13、nt it? There stand/lie several tall buildings at the foot of the mountain, dont they?十二 、当陈述部分是由Im sure that; Im afraid that; We are sure that; We are afraid that; I feel sure that; I hope that; We feel sure that; It seems that等句型构成时,因主要意思在从句,故疑问部分的主语要与从句的主语保持一致。例如:Im sure that you know him well, do

14、nt you? Im afraid that he hasnt finished that work, has he? I hope you dont mind my speaking frankly, do you? It seems that you are an expert, arent you?十三、若陈述部分以第一人称主语I/We dont think (expect, believe, guess, imagine, suppose等+that-clause时,反意疑问句要与从句保持一致;若陈述部分是由其他人称代词做主语,反意疑问句则仍与主句保持一致。例如:I dont thin

15、k that she can come, can she? We dont think that it will rain tomorrow, will it? They dont think she knew anything about it, do they? He doesnt suppose that you are a great success, does he? You dont think that I can swim, do you?十四、在陈述部分中,Lets 引导的祈使句若是肯定句,疑问部分用shall we?; Lets 引导的祈使句若是否定句,疑问部分用OK?或a

16、ll right?. 例如:Lets go to school, shall we? Lets not go to see the film, OK? /all right? 注:Lets 引导的祈使句若是肯定句,疑问部分间或可用shant we?, 但含义和shall we有区别。试比较:Lets go dancing, shall we? 咱们去跳舞,好吗?(征求意见,读时用升调。) Lets go dancing, shant we? 咱们该去跳舞了吧?(提醒对方,读时用降调。)十五、陈述部分若为let或其他动词开头的肯定祈使句,表请求时,疑问部分用will you? 若表示邀请、劝告等时,则疑问部分用wont you?(间或用may/can you?);陈述部分若为否定祈使句时,疑问句部分用will you?。例如:Let me help you, will you? (表请求.) Please open the door, will you? (表请求.) Have a cup of tea, wont you? (表邀请) Dont be late for school n

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