《2022年2018年教师资格笔试备考--英语定语从句语法详解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年2018年教师资格笔试备考--英语定语从句语法详解（13页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2021年老师资格笔试备考- 英语定语从句语法详解一，定语句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语.定语可以由形容词,名词,不定式,分词,动名词或从句来充当.eg: She is a beautiful girl. 形容词 I met someone funny on my way to Beijing. 形容词 修饰不定代词的定语后置 He is an English teacher. 名词名词作定语时一般用单数,例外的有sports,如 a sports starI have a lot of work to do. 不定式 The book written by a schoolboy is
2、very popular now. 过去分词短语We can see the rising sun. 现在分词 = the sun is rising.He is in the reading room. 动名词 = the room for readingThe boy who broke the window is Tom s brother. 从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载留意： 1. 形容词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面;但当形容词修饰的是something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, everyone,everybody, s
3、omewhere等不定代词时,要放在这些词的后面.present 在场的 , absent 缺席的 作定语时需要后置.students present / absent2. 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后.3 分词作定语时,即可放在所修饰词前,也可放在所修饰词后1) 分词前置：单独的一个分词作定语,一般放在所修饰词前.He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人2) 分词后置分词在以下情形,放在所修饰词的后面i. 分词词组 ; There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里ii. 个别分词如given, left;This is the q
4、uestion given.这是所给的问题iii. 修饰不定代词something等There is nothing interesting.没有好玩的东西过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.= Most of the people who were invited to the party were from South Africa二，定语从句 Attributive Clauses在句中做定语,修饰一
5、个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常显现在先行词之后,由关系词 关系代词或关系副词 引出.关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which等.关系副词有： when, where, why等.I like the books that are written by Mr. Green.先行词 关系词A. 关系词：关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句,指代先行词,在定语从句中充当句子成分.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Anyone who breaks the law will surely be punished.1. 先行词指人时,定语从句的引
6、导词：(1) 指人时, who 和 that都可以使用 .(2) who和 whom都可以作定语从句宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,不能用 who.He is the man who / whom I talked to you about.= He is the man about whom I talked to you.(3) 先行词是人时,只用who,不用或少用 that的情形：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. 当先行词是 one, ones, anyone时,引导定语从句的关系词一般只用who,不用 that假如先行词是 someone,也可用 thatHe is not one w
7、ho is easily frightened.I think Joe is the one who borrowed my peo.The ones who tell lies won t gain others trust.Anyone who saw the accident should phone the police.Someone who / that claims to be your uncle wants to see you.b. 先行词是 those时,关系代词一般用who 不用 thatThose who don t wish to go need not go.c.
8、 There be句型中,修饰人的定语从句的关系代词一般只用who来引导There is a certain old man in the village who none of us likes.d. 如一个句子中有两个定语从句,第一个已经用that,就其次个一般用whoThe man that is talking with our teacher is the professor who gave us a report yesterday.e. 当定语从句与先行词较远时,引导定语从句的关系代词一般只用who可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载I came across my first t
9、eacher in the store yesterday who was still beautiful.f非限定性定语从句只用who来引导 , 不用 thatHe has a son, who is a doctor.(4) 当先行词是人,只用that不用 who的情形：a. 以 who 开头的特别疑问句,定语从句的先行词假如是人,关系代词只用 that不用 whoWho is the girl that said hello to you just now.b. 当先行词既有人也有物时,定语从句只用that来引导They ofter talk about the person and t
10、hings that they remember.c. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,只用that来引导He s changed. He is not the man that he was.d. 当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时,只用that.This is the most beautiful lady that I have ever met.e. 当先行词是other时,定语从句只用that引导.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载You can ask the old man or any other that was there at the time.page2. 先行词是物时 th
11、at和 which一般可以互换使用,但有时不行换用.(1) 以下场合一般用 that:a. 先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, theone, none等不定代词We should do all that is useful to the people.The little that I have seen of his work is satisfactory.b. 先行词被序数词, 形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much,no,some, very等词
12、修饰The first book that I bought in this bookstore is a dictionary.The last person that I talked with in London is my girlfriendThe best teacher that I have ever met has gone abroadYou can take any seat that is vacant.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载c. 先行词有两个：一个指人,另一个指物I miss all the people and places that we visited
13、 last summerd. 主句是以 who或 which开头的特别疑问句.e. There be句型中, There is a seat in the corner that is free.f. 先行词为数词时Three buildings have been completed, but there are two that are still under construction.(2) 以下场合不能用 thata. 在非限定性定语从句中, 即逗号后的定语从句不用that引导, 指人时用 who或 whom,指物时用 which.b. 在“介词 +关系代词”结构中不用that,指人时用 whom,指物时用which.This is the book about which we are talking.c. 先行词为 that, those时,关系词用which指物, who指人What s that which you have got in your hand.d. 两个定语从句,一个用了that,另一个就用 which.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library whichwasnewly open to us.e. 关系代词后有插入语时,只用which
