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1、学习必备精品学问点U3 选修六 Words and expressions1. abusen. 1 滥用 ,妄用.虐待,辱骂2 弊病,陋俗vt. 滥用 ,妄用 ,虐待e.g. He abused his power while in office. 他在职时滥用权力.Those captives were physically abused. 那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残drug abuse 滥用毒品child abuse 虐待儿童abuse oneposition / power 滥用职权 /权益 abuse a privilege 滥用特权2. stress1） n. 1 压力 ; 重音 ,
2、重读be under the stress of 在压力下suffer from stress 遭受压力the stresses and strains of modern life 现代生活的压力和紧急 2 强调 , 重要性e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language education.2） vt.加压力于 ; 重读 ; 强调e.g. He stressed the importance of the task. 3.ban1） n.禁令 ,禁止a ban on sth2） vt.禁止 , 取缔ban sb. fr
3、om doing sth.颁布禁令impose a ban 解除禁令lift a bane.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags.4. due to 归因于 , 归功于e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因于你驾驶不当心.be due to do sth定于某时做某事e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow.可以被 caused by 所代替The train is due in five
4、 minutes. 预定的,预期的）My rent isn t duWe teildl nesday.（到期的,马上支付的） In due course 在适当的时候after due consideration 经适当考虑之后because of 由于“ ” ,较口语化,只作状语owing to较正式,须用逗号与主句隔开可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载thanks to多亏“了 ” ,多用于正面的意义可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载as a result of由于 ”“可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载as a result 副短 ,therefore 副词 ,因“此 ”因“此 ”可编辑资料
5、- - - 欢迎下载so 并列连词 ,因“此 ”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载because of ,due to , owing to , on account of 和 thanks to 的用法比较这一词都表示 “由于 ”的意思,在使用时应当留意以下区分：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备精品学问点1because of 意为 “由于,由于 ”,强调因果关系,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开.如： We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback 我们决不行由于这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧
6、气.2owing to 与 because of 一样,也强调因果关系,除作状语外,也可作表语.作状语时修饰整个句子,可在句首或句末,用逗号隔开.如：They decided to cancel the flight , owing to the storm 由于这场暴风雨,他们准备取消这个航班.His death was owing to an accident 他死于一场事故.3 due to 引出造成后果的缘由,在句中作表语，状语和定语.作表语和状语时与owingto同义,作状语时,一般不与其他成分隔开.不用于句首.如：This accident was due to （ owing t
7、o ）his careless driving 这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的.He arrived late due to （ owing to ） the storm由于暴风雨他来晚了.Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严肃的后果.4 on account of 与 because of, owing to 同义,但语气较为正式.可作状语，表语,不作定语.如：He could not come on account of his illness 他因病不能前来.That wa
8、s on account of lack of exercise 那是由于缺乏锤炼.5 thanks to 表示 “幸亏,多亏 ”多用于表达正面意思,相当于感谢,在句中作状语和表语.如： Thanks to your advice , much trouble was saved多亏你的建议,削减了许多麻烦.5.tough1） The wire is tougher than that. 顽强的,不易磨损的）2） You need tobe tough enough to survive in the jungle. （坚忍不拔的,吃苦耐劳的）3） a tough criminal （粗暴的,
9、凶暴的）4） tough measures to deal with terrorism （强硬的,严格的） 5） a tough assignment / problem / choice （麻烦的,困难的） 6） a tough steak（硬的,老的）6.fit 1V.1. The dress doesn t fit me.2. We can t fit any more chairs into threoom. （容纳）3. be fitted with handles （安装）4. His ideas did not quite fit in with our aims.他的想法和我
10、们的目标不完全一样.与相一样,相和谐）2Adj. keep fitbe fit for / to doThe book is fit suitable for children. The fresh air is fit to breath.反义词：unfit be unfit for / to do区分 fit , suit, match可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备精品学问点These shoes don t fit me. Have youagloatrger size. 这鞋我穿不合适.你们有大点的吗？That haircut suits you.那种发型很适合你.The c
11、arpets should match the curtains.地毯应当和窗帘相配.You can t match him in his knowledegof wild plants.在野生植物学问方面,你无法与他相比.7. addicted adj.对某某“上瘾 ” ,沉“湎于某某 ” e.g. My children have becomehopelessly addicted to television.我的几个孩子都成了电视迷, 简直不行救药了.构词法：addictn. 吸毒成瘾的人 addictionn.沉湎，成瘾 addictive adj.使人上瘾的addict 常用于以下结
12、构：addict oneself to sth.沉溺于某物be addicted to sth. 专心做某事 ;上了.的瘾 be addicted to doing sth.Eg.The parents felt helpless when they found their son had love stories for long.A. addictedB. addicted toC. addicted himselfD. been addicted to8. accustom v.使人习惯于，养成习惯e.g. She found it necessary to accustom her c
13、hild to getting up early. 她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的好习惯.常用句式：1) accustom+ 名词 /oneself + to+ 名eg.Children are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings. 孩子们很快就会适应新环境.2) be accustomed to +名词e.g. I am accustomed to walking long distances.我习惯与长距离步行.3) get/become/be accustomed to +名词e.g. You will soon get acc
14、ustomed to the job.你将会习惯于这个工作.同义词组： be / get / become used to留意 :在英语中 , to 有时为动词不定式符号, 后跟动词原形;有时用作介词, 后跟名词， 代词， 或动名词.下面的这些短语中的to 均为介词.stick to坚持lead to导致 , 通向pay a visit to参观sentence sb. to 宣判某人come to谈到 , 涉及see to处理,负责be up to 总计devoteto致力于get down to开头/着手be opposed to / object to 反对be attached toadjust adapttobe devoted to致力于,献身于be exposed tolook forward topay attention toattend tocontribute toturn toadmit towhen it comes to9.withdraw-withdrawal可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载The general refused to withdraw his troops. （收回,撤回） She withdrew all her savings and le
