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1、高中英语典型错误对比例析1. 这本书我已读了三遍。误：Ive read the book the third time.正：Ive read the book a third time.析：要表示数量或序数的增加, 在序数词前用不定冠词。又如：He ate a second pear. 他又吃了一个梨。2. 他在公共汽车后面追，并追上了。误：He ran after the bus, and could catch it.正：He ran after the bus, and was able to catch it.析：表示过去特定情况下的能力，可用 was (were) able to 而
2、不能用 could， 不过这种差异在否定句中便不存在了。 如：He ran after the bus but wasnt able to couldnt catch it.3. 我正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了。误：I was about to going to bed when the telephone rang.正：I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.析：be about to do sth 是习语，其意为“正要做某事”，此处的about(有的词典认为是形容词)之后通常应接不定式，不接 to doing sth。3. 他接受过
3、良好的教育。误：He accepted a good education.正：He received a good education.析：虽然在通常情况下，accept=接受，receive=收到，但并不是说汉语中所有的“接受”都可用 accept 来对译。4. 他做这事是偶然的，还是故意的?误：Did he do it on accident or by purpose?正：Did he do it by accident or on purpose?析：by accident 是习语，表示“偶然地”；on purpose 也是习语，表示“故意地”，注意两者介词的搭配不能混淆。5. 你怎么
4、解释事故的原因?误：How can you account the accident?正：How can you account for the accident?析：account 用作动词时，表示“认为”，是及物动词；表示“解释”“说明”等，是不及物动词，若需后接宾语，通常借助介词 for。6. 不要杞人忧天。误：Dont across the bridge until you come to it.正：Dont cross the bridge until you come to it.正：Dont walk across the bridge until you come to it.
5、析：across 是介词或副词(不是动词)，cross 是动词。7. 你要想卖掉你的产品,你就得为此登广告。误：If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it.正：If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.析：advertise for sth (sb) 意为“登广告征求或寻找某物或某人”(此时 advertise 是不及物动词)；若要表示“为登广告”或“登广告宣传”，advertise 是及物动词，其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语。8. 他建议我同他们一起去
6、。误：He advised me going with them. 正：He advised me to go with them. 析：advise(建议)之后不能用不定式作宾语，但可接不定式的复合结构作宾语。注意这类句型的被动语态：You would be well advised to stay indoors. 你最好呆在家里。9. 气候变化会影响你的健康。误：The change in climate will effect your health.正：The change in climate will affect your health.析：affect 和 effect 两者
7、都可以表示“影响”，但用作此义时，affect 是动词，而 effect 是名词。虽然 effect有时也用作动词，但它不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”“产生”等。10. 这些方法适用于英语学习。误：These methods apply to learn English. 误：These methods apply for learning English. 正：These methods apply to learning English. 析：apply 表示“适用”，通常为不及物动词，要表示“适用于”，通常用介词 to，不用 for。另外，因 to 是介词，所以其后接动词时用动名词。11
8、. 如果你能告诉我一些情况，我将十分感激。误：Id appreciate very much if you would tell me something about it.正：Id appreciate it very much if you would tell me something about it.析：appreciate(感激)是及物动词，其后不能没有宾语。为方便记忆，可将I would appreciate it if.视为一个固定句型。12. 他安排我去机场迎接客人。误：He arranged me to meet the guests at the airport.正：He
9、 arranged for me to meet the guests at the airport.析：arrange(安排)后可接不定式作宾语，但习惯上却不接不定式的复合结构作宾语，遇此情况可在 arrange 后加介词 for(如上面的正句)或换成从句。如：He arranged that I (should) meet the guests at the airport.13. 小孩喜欢像糖果和玩具之类的东西。误：Children like such things like candy and toys.正：Children like such things as candy and
10、toys.析：such. as 是固定搭配，不要受汉语影响将 as 换成like之类的词。14. 昨天早上我的朋友来看我时，我还在睡大觉。误：I was very asleep when my friend came to see me yesterday morning.正：I was fast sound asleep when my friend came to see me yesterday morning.析：要表示“睡得很熟”，asleep 习惯上不能用 very 修饰，而用 fast或 sound 来修饰。15. 他不为金钱和美女所动。误：He had no attractio
11、n for money and women.正：Money and women had no attraction for him.析：A has holds attraction for B这一结构表示的是“对B来说，A具有吸引力”，也就是说“A对B有吸引力或诱惑力”，即B喜欢A，而不是其相反。又如：Television has little attraction for me. 电视对我没什么吸引力。16. 她所谓生病只不过是避免见他的花招而已。误：Her illness is merely a device to avoid to see him. 正：Her illness is me
12、rely a device to avoid seeing him. 析：avoid后接动词时要用动名词，不能用不定式。又如：It was impossible to avoid being affected. 要想不受影响是不可能的。17. 他们在机场检查了所有行李。误：They examined all baggages at the airport. 正：They examined all baggage at the airport. 析：baggage 主要用于美国英语，英国英语中通常用luggage。两者都是“行李”的统称，不具体指一件行李，因此不可数，没有复数形式，也不与不定冠词
13、或数词连用。18. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。误：He knew she was crying because what he had said.正：He knew she was crying because of what he had said.析：一般说来，because 后接从句，because of后接名词或代词。但是由于 what he had said实质上相当于名词(the thing that he had said)，所以其前应用 because of。顺便补充一句，一般说的 because 后接从句，通常是指没有引导词的句子，因为 because 已是从属连词，本身已是
14、引导原因状语从句的引导词。19. 为了减肥，除正餐之外最好不要吃零食。误：In order to lose weight, youd not eat anything among meals. 正：In order to lose weight, youd not eat anything between meals. 析：原则上说，between 用于两者，among 用于三者或三者以上。但若表示三者当中每两者之间的关系时，要用between，而不用among。20. 听到这个好消息，孩子们都大笑起来。误：Hearing the good news, the children burst i
15、nto laughing. 正：Hearing the good news, the children burst into laughter.正：Hearing the good news, the children burst out laughing.析：burst into 和 burst out 都可表示“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”，但前者通常后接名词，后者通常后接动名词。21. 难怪他们遇到那么大的麻烦。误：No wonder did they have so much trouble.正：No wonder (that) they had so much trouble.析：no wonder 后接 that 从句时(难怪，并不奇怪)，其后的句子不用倒装。又如：No wonder (that) she didnt like it. 难怪她不喜欢这东西。注：该结构为 Its no wonder that.之省略，其中的 no 也可用 little, small 等代之，如：Small wonder that he was so tired. 难怪他那么累。Its no wonder you cant sleep when you eat so much. 你吃得太饱，自然睡不着。22. 很多人本来可以获救的却死了。误：A l
