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1、内容一、形式及特点二、写作步骤三、基本模板四、 举例说明 柱状图（Bar Graph/Chart） 线形图(Line Graph/chart) 饼状图(Pie Graph/chart) 表格(Table) 图表类作文的形式及特点 2004 2007年人民饮食习惯变化表1)表格(table)侧重于数据排序2004200520062007Grain49%46%35%30%Milk10%12%17%20%Meat17%20%27%30%vegetable24%22%21%20%2040608010019952000 2005State-ownedprivate 美国近年住房产权的变化情况2) 柱状图
2、( bar chart/graph)侧重数据对比近年来看电影与看电视的人数变化情况。 (a):NumberofTVwatchers(b):NumberoffilmgoersNumberofPeople(inthousands)AB3) 曲线图(line chart)侧重数据变化 APercentage of Average Family Expense in 2000 BPercentage of Average Family Expense in2007Housing25%other57%Housing32%other46%Fooddrink22%Fooddrink18% 4）饼形图(pie
3、 chart)2000与2007年平均家庭开支情况变化表.侧重内部结构变化1）分析写作要求2）分析图表2）确定主题，构思框架，筛选典型数据3）编列提纲4）书写文章5）检查与修改。步骤明确文体 说明文，即单纯描写图表中数据的变化特点，最后归纳总结； 而要求先描写数据变化，再分析变化背后的原因，最后要表达作者的个人看法、预测未来发展趋势或提出解决问题的为说明+议论。后者是的四级考试中出现较多。1，区分图表类型；2，注意题目中的提示；3，借助图表的标题；4，分析图表中的数据及其变化趋势。分析图表举例： Directions: For this part you are allowed thirty
4、minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week借助图表的标题 观察和理解标题，可以了解作文将要涉及的内容，同时可以充分利用于作文首段中。 Average Income o
5、f the Chinese Farmers Europes Share of the World Population Monthly Expense Per Family in ChinaThelinechartshows+Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week 分析图表中的数据 1）要注意一些特殊数字：极端数字 图表中的最大最小点值、最好最差点值、基本相同点和完全相反点值等；变化明显的数字 往往是同一类事物在不同时间或不同背景中的巨大反差。2）对比分析，寻找数据的变化规律； 横向和纵向的比较： 从横
6、向看，同一类(如事物A)数据随时间变化是升还是降，升降的幅度多大； 从纵向看，不同类别(如事物A、B、C)的变化是相似还是相反，从中寻找规律。表1：Changes in Peoples Diet in China 横向比较，milk meat grain 纵向看， milk和meat grain 逐年增加逐年增加减少变化趋势相同，占总消费的比例在增大比例变化正相反总的变化规律：grain的消费量在减少，而milk和meat的消费量在增加。2004200520062007Grain49%46%35%30%Milk10%12%17%20%Meat17%20%27%30%vegetable24%22
7、%21%20%表2：Student Use of Computer 横向为日期(99、95、2000)，纵向为大学生每周使用计算机的时间。 柱形图清晰显示出这样一个变化特点：随着时间的推移，大学生越来越多地使用计算机。（3）筛选数据 有说服力的数据:首尾两端数字或其增减值。以表1为例，用：The percentage of grain consumption（消耗） decreased from 49 % in 1986 to 30 % in 1990. 或者直接计算出增加值或减少值：The amount of grain in peoples diet has decreased by 19
8、%. However, the amount of milk has increased 10% and that of meat has increased 13%.两端数据49%和30%说明变化趋势是递减。” （4）思考数据间的关系 为进一步强调突出数据的变化或变化趋势，使论证更有力，要构思一些比较级句， 例如“But in 2000, students spent nearly 20 hours per week on computer. This number was ten times that of 1990 and five times that of 1995. ” 用倍数或比
9、例更能说明问题。 （5）拟拟定主题题句 图表作文的主题句通常放在首段，在引言/导入句之后说明整体变化趋势，而文章也将围绕这个整体趋势展开议论或描述。For instance: Greatchangeshavebeentakingplaceinstudentsuseofcomputerfrom1995to2000.Inrecentyears,thetimestudentsusingcomputershasincreasedgreatly.Theamountoftimestudentsspentoncomputershasanupwardtrendfrom1995to2000.第一段：概述图表反映
10、的主题思想第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议图表作文的篇章结构1.The graph/chart/table above 2. the above graph/chart, it can be seen that.3. (正如) is shown in the graph, .4. has been shown from the table that showsFromAsIt常用句型和词汇开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题, 即conclusion.常使用的词汇有:图表/数据：table表格, chart图表 , graph曲线图,diagram数据: number, am
11、ount, figure, statistics, data ；动词： tell, show, represent, indicate, imply常用句型：表达增长/减少的词汇表示上升的动词: rise，increase，climb，go up , ；表示上升的名词: rise，increase, ;表示下降的动词: fall，decline，decrease，drop，go down, ;表示下降的名词: fall，decline，decrease，drop, ；表示平稳:remain steady/unchanged/stable常用句型：1.There was a great /sli
12、ght increase /rise in2.There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in3.The rate dropped slightly from 38%into 31% in4. By comparison with,it decreased/increased/fell fromto5. Statistics show a 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year.6. The population owning mobile phones inc
13、reased by 10% in 1999. 1.The number /rate has nearly _ （是的两倍）, as against that of last year.2.The number is that of.（是的5倍) =The number is times than in(比多倍)倍数的表达:five times as many asdoubledfourmoreReasons:1. The reason is that2. One may think of the change as a of 3. The change in largely results _
14、 the fact that.This brings the important fact that. .is the key (因素)in. It is because of _ resultwhy/forfromoutfactorthat常用表达：1. in a ,/ in short,（简而言之） / _ speaking（总的来说）2. summary, it is important3. From what has been discussed above, we can (得出结论）that4. _（很明显地）, if we want to, it is necessary5. _
15、(毫无疑问) attention must be paid to6. I _(建议)the government take effective measures to 7. _, I I think(就我来看) the “golden week” should remain, forObviously/Apparentlydraw the conclusionInwordgenerallyThere is no doubt that归纳总结, 展望未来或提出方法或建议suggestPersonally(a)段落一：Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthediagram/p
16、iechart,linechart,wecanseethat(对对事物发发展趋势趋势 作概括)段落二：Possiblereasonsforthisareasfollows.Ontheonehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_.Furthermore,_.段落三：Fromwhathasbeenanalyzed,wecandrawaconclusionthat_.出结论结论 )Asamatteroffact,withtheimprovementsin_,thetrendwillgooninthefuture.(提出改进进方法或措施)Therefore,_.(再强调观调观 点)(b)段落一：Thechartgivesusanoverallpictureofthe_(图图表主题题).Thefirstthingwenoticeisthat_(最大特点).Thismeansthatas_,_(进进一步说说明).段落二：Therearethreefactorsleadingtothisphenomenon.Firstly,becauseof,.Secondly,.Finally,.Tosu
