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1、Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called th
2、e Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting 1 workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the Hawthorne effect, the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of being experimented upon changed subjects behavior. The idea arose becaus
3、e of the _ 4_ behavior of the women in the plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented u
4、pon seemed to be 9 to alter workers behavior 10 itself. After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in ligh
5、ting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. 15 lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18
6、 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged Hawthorne effect is hard to pin do
7、wn. .1. (-3-14 yf) 2010-2021年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 1 页，共 168 页1. A affected 2. A at 3. A truth 4. AJ controversial 5. A requirements 6. A conclude 7. AJ as far as 8. AJ awareness 9. A suitable 10. AJ about 11. A compared 12. A Contrary to 13. A evidence 14. A disputable 15. A In contrast 16. AJ duly 17.
8、 A failed 18. A Therefore 19. A attempted 20. AJ breaking Part A Directions: B achieved C extracted D restored B up C with D off BJ sight CJ act DJ proof B perplexing CJ mischievous D ambiguous B explanations C accounts D assessments B matter C indicate D work BJ for fear that CJ in case that DJ so
9、long as BJ expectation CJ sentiment DJ illusion B excessive C enough D abundant BJ for CJ on DJ by B shown C subjected D conveyed B Consistent with C Parallel with D Peculiar to B guidance C implication DJ source B enlightening C reliable D misleading B For example C In consequence D As usual BJ acc
10、identally CJ unpredictably D suddenly B ceased C started D continued B Furthermore C However D Meanwhile B tended C chose D intended BJ climbing CJ surpassing D hitting Section II Reading Comprehension Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark
11、 your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) +a(-) ii .3. (14:ln) 2010-2021年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 2 页，共 168 页Textl Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and serio
12、usness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism publish
13、ed in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in E
14、ngland between the tum of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write
15、 in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to
16、 be published in the daily press. So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, Newman wrote, that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are . Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his l
