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1、?11 ? ? ?2011年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 1 页，共 15 页Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to health. Bu
2、t 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 be
3、nefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. 6 instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7 . Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily
4、 reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that improve an individuals emotional state.11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued
5、at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the Universi
6、ty of Wurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth - thereby creating an artificial smile - or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths we
7、re contracted in a frown, 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. .1. (-3-14 yf) 2011年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 2 页，共 15 页1. AJ among2. AJ reflect3. A J stabilizing4. AJ transmit5. AJ measurable6. AJ In tum7. A J
8、 opposite8. AJ hardens9. A J aggravate10. AJ physical11. AJ Except for12. AJ with13. AJ unless14. AJ exhausts15. AJ into16. AJ fetch1 7. A J disappointed 18. AJ adapted19. A J suggesting20. AJ EventuallyPartA Directions: BJ except CJ despite DJ like BJ demand CJ indicate DJ produce BJ boosting CJ im
9、pairing DJ determining BJ sustain CJ evaluate DJ observe BJ manageable CJ affordable DJ renewable B In factCJ In addition D In briefBJ impossible CJ average DJ expected B weakensC tightensDJ relaxes B generate CJ moderate DJ enhance B mental CJ subconscious DJ internal B According toCJ Due to D As f
10、orB on(C in DJ at B untilCJ if DJ because BJ follows CJ precedes DJ suppresses B fromC towardsDJ beyond B biteCJ pick DJ hold B excitedCJ joyful DJ indifferent B cateredCJ turned DJ reacted B requiringCJ mentioning D supposingB ConsequentlyCJ Similarly DJ Conversely Section II Reading Comprehension
11、Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 40 points) .2. (-3-14 yf) 2011年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 3 页，共 15 页Textl The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the
12、 talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. Hooray! At last! wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such
13、a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hithert
14、o been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions,
15、but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for
16、 live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be consumed at a time and place of the lis
