国际化视野下博物馆展品解说词的英译研究 孟艳摘 要 文物是人類文化的珍贵遗产，博物馆是人类历史文化的宝库从国际化语境下对博物馆文物展览解说词翻译进行理论和实践两方面研究具有积极的现实意义，本文拟从天津博物馆藏品解说词英译进行理论与实践两方面研究，进而推进全市博物馆文物展示整体水平关键词 博物馆展品解说词 翻译研究 天津博物馆：H315.9 ：A1项目研究背景博物馆是人类历史灿烂文化的宝库，从1682年诞生以来就一直承担着传承文化、记忆历史的重任为了更好地向世界介绍中国的悠久历史文化，让全世界更好地了解中国，中国的博物馆文物展品解说词英译是必不可少的历史需求，在跨文化传播中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用为满足这一需求，我国很多博物馆都对展品使用英汉两种文本加以介绍，一些英文版的博物馆相关书籍也得以出版发行现在，中国很多博物馆的文物名称都配有英文翻译，既方便了外国游客参观，同时也成为向他们介绍和传播中国历史文化的重要手段但由于中英文两种语言在语言体系、文字系统及思维方式等方面存在诸多差异，因此，中国博物馆翻译，不能仅仅以传统的等值翻译作为翻译的标准文物名称的作用是向读者传达信息，是一种将文化信息公示给读者的文本，因此，就文本作用来看，它类似于街道名称或公共标识等公示语。
在公示语功能特色和语言风格的基础上，刘法公根据文本类型提出“公示语翻译应该遵循统一、简洁和易懂性三原则2研究途径此研究从国际化语境下对博物馆展品解说词翻译进行理论和实践两方面研究目前天津市共有20多家各种规模的博物馆，规模比较大的博物馆包括天津博物馆、天津市元明清天妃宫遗址博物馆、天津自然博物馆、天津戏曲博物馆、天津金融博物馆、天津邮政博物馆、天津文庙博物馆、北疆博物馆、石家大院（杨柳青博物馆）等，但是目前已经上线的天津市各类博物馆官方网站上的英语版介绍主页信息均空缺，通过此项研究的开展对于天津市各类博物馆对外宣传交流的文化传播能力提升会起到积极促进作用计划对天津市各类博物馆所展览的文物英文翻译进行分析和研究，通过实地走访和考察对目前文物展览解说词英文翻译进行分析、评估和修改在翻译过程中主要借鉴功能翻译主义理论对博物馆文物英文介绍进行研究和分析3实践过程本项目通过馆藏文物解说词的英译进行具体实践目前已经取得书画部分展品解说词英译的阶段性成果如：3.1明 仇英 桃源仙境图轴Hanging Scroll of Fairyland of Peach-Blossom Spring， by Qiu Ying in Ming Dynasty？一提到“桃源仙境”，大家一定会联想到东晋隐士陶渊明所写的《桃花源记》，它描绘了人们理想中的隐居圣地，而仇英的这幅《桃源仙境图》描绘的也正是文人雅士心目中的隐居之地。
仇英是明代非常具有代表性的画家之一，他家境贫寒，出身工匠，因擅长画画结识了当时许多的文人雅士，并与沈周、文征明和唐伯虎被后世并称为“明四家”，也称“吴门四家”他曾拜在唐伯虎的老师周臣门下学画仇英早、中期是以临摹为主，到了晚年将大青绿山水画推向了一个新的高峰，这幅《桃源仙境图》就为重彩大青绿山水，图中山石矗立，虬松盘绕，图的下方有三位隐士临流而坐，一人乘兴抚琴，桥下溪水清澈，坡上桃树林掩映于山石、树木之间白色的文人衣着在金碧辉煌的山石、林木映衬下，显得格外鲜明图中的山峰画法以石青为主，石绿辅之，展现出远离世俗、虚幻飘渺的人间仙境，构图取北宋全景式大山大水的布局特征，视野开阔清旷，境界宏大，疏密比对强烈所绘山水气象万千，人物生动传神，它与仇英的另一幅传世名作《玉洞仙源图》被合称为“双美图”，是仇英被公认的晚年传世两幅最好的作品《玉洞仙源图》现藏于北京故宫博物院，而这幅《桃源仙境图》右下属款“仇英实父制”，钤“仇英实父”一印画上另有“乾隆御览之宝”、“石渠宝笈”两方清内府藏印，并有“灵石杨氏珍藏”、“杨曾之印”、“燕翼堂”、“颍川怀云子图画”等鉴藏印，（这幅画的上款“怀云”为明代苏州的大地主陈观），标明这幅图卷流传有序，曾被明代陈怀云和清代安岐鉴藏，并曾入藏清乾隆内府，后被清代工部侍郎张翼收藏，而后由张翼的儿子张叔诚先生在1981年捐赠给国家。
Speaking of the “Fairyland of Peach-Blossom Spring”， people would think of the well-known essay “Peach-Blossom Spring” written by the eremite TAO Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty （317-420）. It depicts the Holy Land for living in seclusion， which is exactly the literati and refined scholars pursue in this painting. QIU Ying is one of the most representative painters of Ming Dynasty since he came from a poverty-stricken family， used to be a craftsman and got acquainted with lots of literati and refined scholars thanks to his talents in painting. He together with SHEN Zhou， WEN Zhengming and TANG Bohu is known as “the four masters of Ming Dynasty” which is also referred as “the four masters of Wu School”. He once learned from TANG Bohus teacher-ZHOU Chen. He concentrated on coping in his early and middle course and pushed the dark green landscape painting to a new height in his later years. This artwork is such heavy-colour dark green painting of landscape. The mountain stones stand upright； the pine trees twine like dragons； at the bottom are three eremites sitting beside the stream， one of whom is playing the zither while he is in high spirit； there is a bridge not far from them， below which the stream is clear； on the slope， the peach-blossom trees nestle among the mountain stones and pines trees. The splendid and magnificent mountain stones and trees throw the white-clothing literati into bright scene. The color applying of this painting takes the mineral blue as the principal color， supplemented by the mineral green. By doing so， the scene of imaginary and ethereal fairyland on earth where one can live far away from the secular world is presented. The composition features the panoramic view of huge mountain and vast waters of styles of Northern Song Dynasty with extensive view， grand state and sharp contrast of sparsity and density， which makes the landscape majestic and grand and the figures vivid. This painting together with his another artwork （“Fairyland in the Jade Cave”） is collectively named “Pairs of Beautiful Paintings”， which is generally acknowledged as the best artworks handed down of his later years. “Fairyland in the Jade Cave” is now collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing. On the right bottom there is the inscription of “made by QIU Ying with style name SHI Fu” and the seal of “QIU Ying with style name SHI Fu”. In addition， there are two official collection seals of imperial storehouse of Qing Dynasty-one is “oval relief” and the other is “Shiqu Baoji”. Besides， there are connoisseurship and collection seals of “collected by YANG in Lingshi County”， “Seal of Yang Zengzhi”， “Swallow Wings Hall” and Huai Yunzi （who is the squire in Ming Dynasty） in Ying Chuan”and so on， indicating this painting has been well handed down and successively collected by CHEN Huaiyun in Ming Dynasty， imperial storehouse of Qing Dynasty， and later the assistant minister of Ministry of Works in feudal China， ZHANG Yi. His son， ZHANG Shucheng donated it to our country in 1981.endprint3.2清散秩大臣喀喇巴图鲁阿玉锡像轴Hanging Scroll of the Portrait of Minister of Imperial Guard， Kharatsin Baturu Ayuxi in Qing Dynasty（Manchu： baturu） is a title from the Qing Dynasty 。