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1、考点22 宾语从句宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。中考考查重点：1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。考向一: 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。He sai
2、d (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you t
3、ell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是是否。I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.考向二: 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。He is an honest boy. The teacher said.
4、The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard.【典例】 【2020 北京市中考】 Do you know _?At 9:00 tomorrow morning.A. when the video meeting beganB. when did the video meeting beginC. when the video meeting will beginD. w
5、hen will the video meeting begin【答案】C【解析】句意：你知道视频会议什么时候开始吗?明天上午九点。考查宾语从句。问句是一个含宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句中从句语序应该为陈述句语序，因此排除B和D；根据答语“At 9 oclock tomorrow morning.”可知询问的应该是将来的事，用一般将来时，选项A是一般过去时，故选C。考向三: 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
6、 He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrrow. I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?【典例】【2020 黑龙江省龙东地区中考】The policeman asked the little boy if _ his home.A. he could findB. could he findC. he can find【答案】A【解析】句意：警察
7、问那个小男孩能否找到他的家。考查宾语从句。he could find他能找到，陈述语序；could he find他能找到，疑问语序；he can find他能找到，陈述语序。分析句子结构可知此处是if引导的宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除B，结合主句中“asked”可知主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态，排除C。故选A。2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He aske
8、d what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the US soon.3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns
9、around the sun.He told me that the earth is round. 宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否(if，whether)替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。that引导的宾语从句that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语
10、或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：She says that she will help me learn English this evening. 她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：He is a good boy except that he
11、 is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。作be + 形容词结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：Im happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他
12、说他想尽快见到他。 He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。 3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况：引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：She said (that) she wou
13、ld come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。I ex
14、pected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。Everybody knows (that) money doesnt grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。I suggested (that) they should / shouldnt drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。4. 引导词t
15、hat不能省略的几种情况：that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。6. 宾语从
