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1、非谓语之现在分词. V-ing (现在分词/动名词) 动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。一、V-ing的形式：V-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的V-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词 语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式完成式二、V-ing的语法作用 V-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状
2、语和补语等。（一）V-ing（短语）作主语：_ is easier than doing. 说比做容易。注意：在下面两种结构中，V-ing分词也作主语。为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。Its a waste of time _. 辩论这事是浪费时间。2. V-ing（短语）作表语：V-ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。如：Their job is_. 他们的工作是盖房子。V-ing分词（使役动词）作表语可以表示主语所具有的特征。如：This story i
3、s very interesting. 这故事很有趣。_ 这个问题很令人困惑。_这条信息令人鼓舞。_形式令人鼓舞。3. V -ing作宾语：Ving作动词宾语。如： The students wasted much time (in) playing computer games We enjoy attending Miss Lis class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。I suggest _. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。高中阶段常见的能接-ing分词作宾语的动词：_（介意）, _（建议）, _（欣赏，）, _（承认）, _（感激，欣赏）, _（避免）, _（推迟）, _（不喜欢，厌恶）,
4、_（逃脱）, _（完成）, _（宽恕）, _（想象）, _（保持）, _（错过）, _（训练）, _（抵抗，抵制）, _（冒险）, _（拒绝，否认）, _（考虑）allow, permit, advise, consider, forbid,等。V-ing作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如：I dont think it possible living in such a cold place.我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。Do you consider _? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？V-ing作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如：Im against in
5、viting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。He went to London in the hope of_. 他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如：I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。What can prevent us (from) getting married?有什么能阻止我们结婚？动名词前省略介词 in 的常用结构be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事have difficulty(in) doi
6、ng sth做有困难have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难have a problem(in) doing sth做有困难have a good time / fun (in) doing sth做某事很开心have a hard time(in) doing sth做很辛苦spend money(time) (in) doing sth 花钱（时间）做某事waste money(time) (in) doing sth 浪费钱（时间）做某事There is no difficulty(in) doing sth 做某事没有困难There is no need /
7、use(in) doing sth 做某事没有用There is no point(in) doing sth 做某事没有意义高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing分词或名词。如： admit to（承认）, contribute to（捐助、贡献）, get down to（着手做）, lead to （导致）,look forward to（期待）, turn to （求助于）, stick to（忠于、坚持）, see to （注意、处理）, be used to （习惯于）, devote oneself to （献身于）, pay attention to. 下列动词既可跟不定
8、式又可跟Ving的动词，区别如下（1）.begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。 When we came in, they were beginning to have supper. After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.(2).有些词后面既可以接不定式亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：Aremember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义： Please re
9、member _(bring)me the book I want next time. I remember _(see) her (=having seen her) somewhere before. Dont forget _(write)to me soon. I never forget _(visit) (=having visited) them for the first time. I regret _(miss) that good film last week.(后悔干事) I regret not _(take) (not having taken) your adv
10、ice. I regret _(say) I cant take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)Bmean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要；mean doing：意味着，就是 I am sorry, I didnt mean _(hurt)your feelings， Learning a foreign language doesnt mean just _(work) in class.Cstop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stop doing停止干，动名词作宾语。After some time, they st
11、opped _(work)and had a rest.After walking some time, they stopped _(have)a rest.Dtry：try to do，努力，试图干事；try doing：试着干事He searched everywhere and tried _(find) his key.He came to the city from the countryside and tried_(find) a job.The mother is out and the boy had to try _(cook) for himself.They trie
12、d to succeed and tried _(do) their experiments again and again.Ewant，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，主语与动名词之为动宾关系。The bike requires _(repair).These young trees require _(look after).The matter needs _(think)over.(=to be thought over)A Mr. Wang wants _(see) you.You dont need _(leave)so early.Fgo on：go on to d
13、o继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。 After a smoke，he went on _(tell)us that interesting story.After writing the composition he went on _(work)out his mathsproblems.G动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，复合宾语时用动词不定式。Doctors advise _ smoking to benefit ones health. 放弃The doctor advised him _ smoking so as to improve hishealth. 放弃She doesnt allow (permit) _ in her room.抽烟Ibe used to doing习惯于be used to do被用来做I m used to _. 早晨六点起床Wood is used _. 被用来整理家具Jcant help doing情不自禁cant help to do 不能帮助做Hearing the news, she _
