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1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载第一部分：高中英语长难句解析在阅读中,我们常常会遇到一些长而难的句子；长难句通常含有较多.较长的修饰成分.并列成分或从句；长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致懂得的困难；懂得长难句的关键为明白长难句的类型,理清句子成分,抓住句子中的关键部分；纵观历年高考英语试题,可以发觉阅读文章中显现了很多结构复杂的句子；不难懂得, 命题者在句子难度上大做文章, 无非为想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式,从而达到考查考生综合阅读才能的目的；下面我们来明白长难句最常见的形式；一.复合从句这些句子往往较长,一个从句套着另一个从句,环环相扣,使
2、得考生搞不清晰整个句子结构；其实,不管句子有多长有多复杂, 它只由两部分构成, 即主干和修饰成分； 主干为整个句子的骨架, 主要指主谓宾结构 如: I want a ticket. 或主系表结构 如 :The man is a teacher.；而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用, 它既可以为单词, 也可以为短语,更常见的就为从句,特殊为定语从句和状语从句；这些从句都很常见,考生比较熟识,但很多时候不少考生分不清单词.短语和从句之间的相互关系,这样会导致整个句子分析纷乱；这时,考生应通过认真分析,将每个修饰成分划出来,找出句子的主干,这样整个句子结构就清晰了；二.分隔结构为了调整语气和增
3、加补充信息,更主要的为为了平稳句子结构,防止头重脚轻,使语义严密,结构紧凑,可将语法关系亲密的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来,这就为所谓的分隔结构；考试中显现较多的为插入语.用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息；此外,仍有一些句子成分（一般为定语）过长而显现后置,也可以看作为插入现象,只不过它只为句子原有成分位置的调整,没有新增信息；三.成分省略在英语句子中, 节省用词为一条重要的修辞原就；省略主要为为了防止重复,突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接；成分省略一般和从句相结合,一正一反,使句子富于变化,增强表现力；例如在以than,as 引导的比较状语从句中,一些成分往往被省略,会给懂得带来肯定的影响,
4、而且这类句子显现频率较高,考生需要熟记；四.转变语序转变语序主要指倒装句式；这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法,或为为了强调句子的意义表达的重心,或为强调一种表达语气,如虚拟语气.否定语气等；这些句子往往和一些副词.连词相关,有明显的标志；当然,被动句.双重否定句等句式在阅读考试中也屡屡显现,限于篇幅本文未将其归入；期望考生能结合阅读实践来体会上述句法特点；【突破策略】1 结构分析法所谓结构分析法,就为通过语法分析,快速弄清句子的结构,把握住句子的基本框架；基本步骤为：第一,判定该句为简洁句.并列句仍为复合句；然后, 找出句子的核心成分,分清主语和谓语,再分清句子的附属成分；方法一：较复杂单句的
5、处理方法 找主谓语,即找主干成分较复杂单句在高考试卷中常常显现,所以应引起同学们的足够重视； However、 many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.此句的主语为many scientists,主语里面包含了一个由who 引导的定语从句； 主句有两个谓语, 即 are doubtful和 say, say 后面又包含了一个宾语从句； Some companies
6、have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.此句的主语为some companies、有两个谓语,即have made 和 emphasize； At the press of a button、 a microcomputer locks all other floors chute道 doors and sets the recycling container turning until the ri
7、ght box comes under the chute.此句的主语为a microcomputer ,也有两个谓语,即locks 和 sets ；方法二：并列复合句的处理方法 找并列连词 The hot sun had caused the dough 面团 to double in size and fermenting yeast 酵母 made the surface shake精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载and sigh as though it was breathing. Miss Germaine s mother looked anxious throug
8、h the weddingand Mr. Cordells parents arereported to be less than delighted.第一句话中第一个and 和第 2 句中的 and 为连接两个并列成分的,两句话的and 都为连接两个并列单句；方法三：主从复合句的处理方法 找从属连词 Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage , it wasn tunusual to hear a man say he didn t kno
9、w his friend s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.whereas 引导了一个从句,即a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave afailingmarriage、 而 it wasn t unusual to hear a man say he didn t know his friend s marriagewas in s
10、erious troub appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 为主句,其中it 为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式；方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法 先读懂并列复合句,再看主从复合句If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language、 you will get answers like“ Shakespeare” 、“ Samuel Johnson” 、 and“ Webster ” 、 b
11、ut none of these men had any effect at all compared to a ma didn t even speak EnglishWilliam、 the Conqueror.第一弄清并列复合句,即 but 连接的两个句子,再看 but 前有一个条件状语从句,but 后为一个单句, 单句里又有一个 who 引导的定语从句；2 意群阅读法意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息；此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度,而且有利于对句子的整体懂得；例如：When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each othe
12、r 、 an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters .分析：为状语从句,为主句,为with 引导的介词短语作状语,修饰谓语；这样,把整个句子划为4个意群,可以大大提高阅读速度；典型例题例 1 What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and
13、that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation 移植 .解析： 此句的主语为What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life整个从句, 其中主语里面又包含了一个由who 引导的定语从句；主语的谓语为is,后面的that 引导两个并列的表语从句；点评：分析长难句时找出主句的谓语为至关重要的一步；例 2 Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for
14、a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine、 with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.解析：此句的主语为Pasteur,谓语即discovered,第一个that 引导的为宾语从句；在宾语从句中after 引导状语从句,其次个that 引导定语从句；第三个that 引导同位语从句；点评：that 在长难句里面用得特别多,所以正确懂得that 在不同从句中的用法特别重要；跳出陷
15、阱1. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the LibraryCompany of Philadelphia for a historical treasure a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan“ a woman who knew everybodyof her day、” James Green、 the librarian told the magazine“ American Libraries”.分析：第一句的主语为James Green、 the librarian ,谓语为told ,第一个宾语为the magazine “AmericanLibraries,”其次个宾语为宾语从句,此宾语从句的主语为This chance discovery ,谓语即ended,后面宾语的中心词为 a 12-day search；2. The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious 怀疑 of the guest who checked
