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1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神高考英语科普阅读的方法与实例一.考点描述科普类文章为高考英语的常考题材,每年高考都有所涉及, 如 20XX 年的江苏卷在五篇阅读文章中就有两篇为关于科普文章的阅读；因此,同学们在平常的学习中肯定要对此引起高度的重视；二.材料特点这类文章的总体特点为：科技词汇多,句子结构复杂,理论性强,规律严谨；具体说来它有以下几个特点：1. 文章中词汇的意义比较单一.稳固.简明,不带感情颜色,具有单一性和准确性的特点； 这类文章通常不会显现文学英语中采纳的排比.比如.夸张等修辞手法,一词多义的现象也不多见；2. 句子结构较复杂,语法分析较困难；为了描述一个
2、客观事物,严密地表达自己的思想,作者常常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句；3. 常使用被动语态,特别为一些惯用被动句式；三.命题特点科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题.词义推测题. 推理判定题以及主旨概括题等,其中推理判定题居多；四.应计策略1. 要想做好科普英语阅读懂得题,同学们就要留意平常多读科普学问类文章,学习科普学问,积存常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读才能；2. 要熟识科普类文章的结构特点；科普类文章一般由标题Headlines,导语 Introductions,背景 Background,主体 Main body 和结尾 Ends五部分构成；标题为文章中心思想高度而又精
3、辟的概括,但依据历年的高考真题情形来看,这类阅读懂得材料一般不给标题,而要同学们挑选标题； 导语一般位于整篇文章的首段；背景交待一个事实的起因；主体就对导语概括的事实进行具体表达；这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点；结尾往往也为中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判定题；3. 在进行推理判定时,同学们肯定要以阅读材料所供应的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论仍应符合基本的科普常识；五.真题赏析AAnimals can move from place to place、 but plants cannot. When an animal is und
4、er attack、 it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away、 and they lack teeth and claws. Butplants can defend themselves by using both physicaland chemical means.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example、 the leaves of the hollyplant have sharp spines 刺 that
5、 discourage grass-eating animals. Hollyleaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants、 such as the oak tree、 have thick and hard leaves that are difficultfor animals to eat. Some grasses may c
6、ontain a sandy material; eating such grasses wearsdown the animal s teeth.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of
7、these chemicals. When a caterpillar毛虫 bites a tobacco leaf、 the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messengersends to the roots the informationtoproduce more nicotine.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscourage the caterpillar.Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in
8、 China、 for instance、 has prickly 多刺的 leaves、 and each prickle contains poisonous venom毒液. A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.68. Thehollyplanthasmorespinesonthelowerleavesbecause most animals.A. are not tall enoughB. like the lower le
9、aves onlyC. are not clever enoughD. can get the lower leaves easily69. To defend themselves、 oak trees use .A. chemical meansB. physical meansC. bitter chemicalsD. sandy materials70. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar.A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physic
10、al means.B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.71. What would be the best title for this passage.A. Plants and AnimalsB. How Plants Defend The
11、mselvesC. Attacks and Defenses D. How Animals Eat Plant Leaves【答案与解析】本文主要介绍一些植物为如何通过物理和化学的方式爱护自己不受外界侵害的；68. D；事实细节题；依据第2 段最终一句the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach可知答案；69. B；推理判定题；依据第3 段中的oak tree、 have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat 可推知,又厚又硬的树叶属于植物自我爱护的物
12、理手段；70. C；推理判定题；依据第四段可知,tobacco 爱护自己不受毛虫侵害的方法为产生更多的 nicotine；71. B；主旨概括题；由于整篇文章都在讲植物为怎样爱护他们自己的,应选B；模拟训练BWalk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy、 warm、 damp and thick. But if you had been around 15、 000 years ago、 during the last ice age、 would it have been the same. F
13、or more than 30 years、 scientists have been arguingabout how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted 反应 to the cold、 dry cli-mates of the ice ages、 but until now、 no one has reached a satisfying answer. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helpi
14、ng to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change. If it gets drier、 will it still surv
15、ive and continue to draw down CO2. Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.Unfortunately、 getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult. To study past climate、 scientists need to look at fossilized pollen、 kept in lakemud. Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments沉淀物 which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and
