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1、书面表达的常见误区和备考策略薪春县横车高中黄春芳英语书面表达是学生英语学习的综合素质体现，它要求学生有扎实的语言基木功，具备 一定的审题能力、想象能力、表达能力、评价能力及帖法排版能力，是历年高考英语的重点 主观测试题之一。书面表达的体裁、题材、情呆具有多样性、实川性。近年來，书面表达取 材比较广泛，内容较为丰富，题材多为FI常牛活和般交往所涉及的内容；体裁包括记叔文、 说明文、应用文和议论文，命题的方式多种多样，主要有文字提示、图画提示和图表提示三 种。【考纲解读】考试大纲对高考英语卩面表达的要求是“测试考生准确使用英语语法词汇、进行书面表 达的能力。要求考生根据所给情景，用英语写一篇100
2、150个单词左右的短文”。情景包 括冃的，对彖，时间，地点，内容等等，捉供情景的形式冇图画，图表，提纲等；要求考生 能：准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思； 英语课程标准中关于高考写作的要求为：能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写出短文或报 告；能写出语意连贯且结构完整的翹文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度：能在写作中做到 文体规范、语句通顺。【命题特点】综观近儿年的高考英语发展势态，巧面表达旨在训练学生对所学语言知识的实践应用， 特别是测试学牛的语言交际能力和语言知识的运川能力的必考题型，也是高考中重要且难度 较大的题型，所占分值为25分，要求考牛在30分钟内写出80-
3、100个词左右的短文。 近儿年来，各地英语高考试卷中的写作题目主要是：记人、叔事、写信、通知或看图作文等。 人多为记叙文、议论文和应用文。主要表现为以下几个特点：一是文体的常用性，即其所涉及的文体有：议论文，以摆事实，讲道理的方式表述观 点，事物，方法的原则，须具备论点，论据，论证三大要索；说明文，卅说明作主要表达 方式來说明某个事物的形状，性质，功能或形成原因，发住发展过程等；应用文，有书信, 日记,口头通知,便条,广告，启示,请柬,贺卡,海报等形式,其中信的形式有包括求职 信，感谢信，商务信函等；记叙文，以记人，叔事为主要内容，以叙述为主要表达方式的 一种文体，包括介绍人物的生平事迹，记叙
4、事情发展过程，说明前因后果等。二是题材的熟悉性，即书面表达的取材主要涉及中学生所体验到的日常生活。三是内容的控制性，它通过图画，表格，要点等来限定考生的写作内容，使得考生在写 作时口由发挥的余地鮫小。四是要求的渐进性，即高考对书面表达的要求在逐年提高，由原来的要求写对，至IJ以 前的要求写好，再到现在的要求写出文采，使用高级词汇和复杂结构等，并对由此而产生的 错课采取了宽容的态度。【评分标准】以25分作文为例，一般评分标准是：A. 内容充实，主题突出，覆盖所冇知识要点，应用了较多较高级的词汇和语法结构， 冇效地使用了语旬间的连接成分，结构紧凑，给25分。B. 内容较充实，能表述作文要求，语法结
5、构和词汇能满足内容要求，有一些错课但不 影响全文理解，全文连贯，给1620分。C. 内容基木充实，尚能表述作文要求，句了简单但能表达内容要求，给11-15分。D. 漏掉或未能写清主要内容，有些内容与主题无关，语言错误彩响了读者对写作内容 的理解，缺少连贯性，信息未能清楚地传达给读者，给610分。E. 明显遗漏主要内容，严重离题，不知所云，字迹潦草，给15分。从高考评卷及平时测试来看，学生在做书面表达题时，得分率较低，卷面普遍存在如下 缺点：文不对题（文体格式不规范）；离题太远（抓不到要点，该说的不说，不该说的 说的太多）；词不达意（有的甚至用汉语标注或留空）；病句太多（时态、语态、人称、 数等
6、语法）；卷面不工整（字迹潦草、乱涂改、添插箭头满篇飞）。【常见错误】错误类型一:汉式英语错误不少考生在英语书面表达时易受汉语习惯影响，所写句子虽然语法正确，却不符合英语 表达习惯，造成不少汉语式英语病句要减少汉式病句必须做到（1）养成用英语思维进行写作 的习惯，注意中西文化差异所带来的不同表达.（2）平时多归纳总结，纠正汉式英语.（3）多收 听对外广播、收看英语节目、广泛阅读英文版书籍、报纸及其它材料.例如：误：He cost f i ve yuan to buy a dicti on ary.正：It cost five yuan to buy a dicti on ary.或The dic
7、tionary cost him five yuan.（2）误：Good good study, day day up.正：If you study hard , you will make progress every day.误：Here is suitable to grow cash cropsJE：11 is suitable to grow cash crops here.（4）误：There is a notice in the park saying To take notice of safe; the sidewalk is very crafty.正：There is a
8、 notice in the park saying “Watch your step. Slippery sidewalk. M谋：His fever is high.正：He has a high fever.（6）谋：The student is standing there is my brother.正：The student standing there is my brother. 或The student who is standing there is my brother.（7）误：The price of the computer is expensive.正：The p
9、rice of the computer is high.误：The population of China is many.正:The population of China is large.(9)课：正:Recently our village have taken place great changes .Recently great changes have taken place in our village.Q0)误:There are twenty students in our class have been to Beijing正:Twenty students in ou
10、r class have been to Beijing.(11)误：正:That factory broke out a fire last Sunday.A fire broke out in that factory last Sunday(12)误：IE：This building likes a school.This building looks like/is a school.(13)误：IE：He will able to write articles in English next year.He will be able to write articles in Engl
11、ish next year.(14)误：正：I wi11 by bus to Beijing.TT1 go to Beijing by bus tomorrow.(15)误：Professor Li comes from Bei j i ng Univ crsitywill give us a lecture to morrow.正：Professor Li from Beijing Uni vers ity wi 11 give us a lecture to morrow.(16) 谋正(17) 误正(18) 误正(19) 误正His friends are few.He has few
12、friendsWei Fang，s father scolded her coming late to school.Wei Fangs father scolded her for her coming late to school.To attend this meeting is important.Tt is important to attend this meeting.His teaching methods are many.He has many teaching methods.错误类型二:句子结构不完整或结构错误一个句了至少包括主语和谓语两部分(祈使句除外)。如果把句了的
13、某一个部分当成一 个句了，就会导致非完整句了。两个各含冇主语和谓语的分句不能写在一起，也不能只川逗 号隔开。例如：谋：正:There were foreigners came to our school.There were foreigners who came to our school.谋：正:Without a friend will feel lonely-Without a friend one will feel lonely.谋：正:The girls cleaned the desks and chairs, the boys mopped the floor.The gir
14、ls cleaned the desks and chairs; the boys mopped the floor.正：The girls cleaned the desks and chairs, and the boys mopped the floor.误：The book was interesting. I read it rapidly. 正：The book was interesting; I read it rapidly.正：The book was interesting, and I read it rapidly.(5) 课：The woman talked to
15、you just now is our English teacher.正：The woman who talked to you just now is our English teacher(6) 谋：1 cant imagine what life wouldbelikeifhavenotanyTVsets.正：I cant imagine what 1 ife wouldbelikeifwehavenotanyTVsets.(7) 误：China is no longer what used tobe.正：China is no longer what it usedtobe 误：Although rained, we went on working正：Although it rained, we went on working.(9) 误：They finished the homework, they went out正：Since/As they finishcd the homework, they wont out(10) 误：I am tired, I must go to b
