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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上必修3 语法Unit 1& Unit 2 Modal verbs情态动词(讲解详见P9194)1. 情态动词的语法特征:1) 情态动词不能单独做谓语, 除ought和have外, 后面只能接不带to的不定式。 2) 情态动词没有人称, 数的变化, 但有些情态动词, 如can, will也有一般式和过去式的变化。3）只作情态动词的: can / could, may / might, ought to, must可情态可实义的: need, dare 可情态可助动词的: shall / should, will /would相当于情态动词的: have to, used
2、 to2. 情态动词：can & could, may & might, will & would, shall & should, must/ can, ought to & ought not to, have to & dont have to, mustnt & neednt等注意事项：1. can 和 could 接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can 用在否定和疑问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。Could have done 表示本可以做的事情但却没有做e.g. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.2.
3、 以could或would提问时，不能再以could或would作答，而应该用can或will。如： Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you can.3. shall 可以用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求意见或许可；还可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命令或威胁等。如：You shall be punished if you break the rule.4. should 表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应该”。 “should + have + 过去分词表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 e.g. You should k
4、eep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。5. must 用于一般问句中, 肯定回答用 must否定式用neednt 或 dont have to，做“不必”, mustnt 表示“禁止，不允许” MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime? Yes, you must. No,youneednt. must 表示“偏要, 硬要”, 指做令人不快的事情。Eg: He must come and worry her with question, just when she was
5、 busy cooking the dinner. Of course, after I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite.练一练：一、选择。1. I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes. A. cant B. mustnt C. darent D. neednt 2. Hows your new babysitter? We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so
6、 much. A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt 3. May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you _. You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt4. When I was young, I was told that I _ play with matches. (上海2008春)A. wouldnt B. needntC. mustnt D. darent5. Some aspects of a pilot
7、s job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must6. Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. can7. It _ be the postman
8、at the door. Its only six oclock. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt8. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may二、用适当的情态动词翻译句子。1. 你应该更加注意你的书写。(pay attention to)2. 明天早晨，我们必须早起。3. 我本应该完成作业的
9、，但昨晚我熬夜看足球赛了。(stay up late)4. 司机酒后严禁开车。5. 你不必太担心你的作文。Unit 3 5 名词性从句noun clauses1. 名词性从句定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。 (Noun Clauses)2. 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。3. 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1）What he does is important.2) I dont like what he does everyday.3) This is what he does
10、 everyday.4) I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.4. 名词性从句中的连接词有:连词: that / whether / as if (though)连接代词: what /who/which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever Unit 3 名词性从句作宾语、表语（宾语从句&表语从句）1. 宾语从句：1）定义：跟在动词或介词后面的从句叫宾语从句。2）引
11、导宾语从句的连接代词主要有: who, whom, what, which, whatever, whoever 等；连接副词主要有：where, when, how, why 等; 连词主要有that, if, whether。3) that 在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。如：My uncle said (that) he would come and that he would also bring his son.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种
12、情况下不能省略： 当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时, 第二个that不能省； 当that作介词宾语时, that不可省掉。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.5) whether 和 if 都意为“是否”，通常情况下，二者都可以引导宾语从句；但在介词之后或与 or not 连用时，只能用whether。6) 在第一人称 I, we 与动词
13、think, expect, believe, guess, suppose 等连用，后接宾语从句时，通常将从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词，形成否定前移。如：I dont suppose youre used to this diet. 7)一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用“should +动词原形”结构（虚拟语气）, should 可以省略。这类动词有: advise, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。如： I suggested th
14、at he (should) study harder. 2. 表语从句1）定义: 跟在系动词后面的从句叫表语从句2）系动词：be, like, get, become, turn, keep, remain, grow, smell, look, sound, sense, feel, taste等。3）that 引导表语从句，只起连接作用，没有意义，不作句子成分，但不可省（三不原则）。引导表语从句的连词有 that, whether, as if。引导表语从句的连接代词有 what, who, which。引导表语从句的连接副词有when, where, how, why。Eg: What I want to say is that we should spare no efforts to protect our environment.4）当主句的主语为 reason 或是由 why 引导的主语从句时，与它相关的表语从句的连词要用 that 而不能用because。The reason why I like books is that it can broaden
