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1、一 定义及相关术语高中定语从句具体讲解1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词；关系代词： that, which, who, whom, whose, as 主语，宾语，定语关系词关系副词： when, where, why （状语）The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.二 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句先行词主语作用及物动词宾语或没被提前的介词宾语宾语定语被提前的介词宾语指人who/that,aswho/whom
2、/that,as介词 +whomwhose/of whom指物that/which,asthat/which,as介词 +whichwhose/of which1先行词指 人且在定语从句中作主语 ，需用 who/that引导，且 不能省略The boys who/thatare playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的；This is the teacher who/thatteaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师；2先行词指 人且在定语从句中作宾语 ，需用 whom/who/that 引导，且 能省略Li Ming
3、 is just the boy whom/who/that I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩；The professor whom/who/thatyou are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了；3先行词指 物且在定语从句中作主语，需用that/whic h 引导，且 不能省略Football is a game that/whichis liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜爱的运动；He likes to read books that/whichare written by foreign writers.他喜爱外
4、国作家写的书；4. 先行词指 物且在定语从句中作宾语 ，需用 that/whic h 引导，且 能省略That is the book that/whichI want to read.5 Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语；He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的伴侣；I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里；留意：Whose+ 名词 =the+ 名词 +of whom/which=of +whom/which+名词T
5、his is the scientist whose achievementsare well-known.=This is the scientist,the achievements of whom are well-known.=This is the scientist,of whom the achievements are well-known. This is the housewhose window broke last night.=This is the house,the window of whic h broke last night.=This is the ho
6、use,of which the windowbroke last night.6. “介词 +关系代词 ”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词 +关系代词 ”引出；1指物用介词 +which ，指人用介词+whomTomorrow I bllring here the magazine which / thatyou asked for.Tomorrow I bllring here the magazine for whichyou asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来； This is the boy whom / who / thatI played ten
7、nis with yesterday.This is the boy with whomI played tennis with yesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩；介词的挑选：1）由先行词的习惯搭配或依据先行词的需要；This is the teacher from whom I borrowed the book.这就是我从他那里借书的老师；2）依据动词短语的固定搭配；Don t bring the children to see the animals of which they are afraid.留意： 1 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面，如动词
8、短语：look for, look after, take care of等；This is the watch which / that I am looking for.正这是我正在找的手表；This is the watch for which I am looking .误The babies whom / who / that the nurse is looking after are very healthy.正那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康；The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（误） 2如介词放
9、在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom ；关系代词指物时只可用which ，关系代词是全部格时用whose；The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.正你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居；The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. 误 The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. 正 我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒适；The plane in that we flew to
10、 Canada was really comfortable.误3 “介词 +关系代词 ”前仍可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词；如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好；In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了；There are f
11、orty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我们班总共有40 个同学，大多数来自大城市；Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.迄今为止，他写了10 部小说，其中3 部是关于农村生活的；7. as 引导的限制性定语从句such+名词+as.像.一样的，像 .之类的such as.像.一样的，像 .之类的 the same+名词+as.和.同样的We have found such mater
12、ials as are used in their factory. This book is not such as I expect.I have the same book as he was.2三 限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情形1当先行词是everything, anything, nothing， something , all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时；如：Have you taken down everything thatMr. Li said.李老师讲的你都登记来了吗？All thatcan be done has be
13、en done. 全部能做的都做好了2当先行词被the only, the very,every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much, the last, just等代词修饰时The onlything that we can do now is to give some money.我们唯独能做的事情就是给你一些钱；This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典；3当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；如：The firstplace that they visited in Lond
14、on was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟；This is t he best film that I have seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影；4当先行词 既有人又有物时；如：They talked about the persons and things thatthey remembered at school他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事；Look at the man and his donkey thatare walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴；5当主句是 以 who, which开头的疑问句时；如：Who is the man thatis standing by the gate. 站在门口的那个人是谁？Which is the T-shirt thatfits me most.哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身？6当先行词在句中作表语 时，无论先行词指人仍是指物；China is no longer the country that she was. 中国不再是原先的那个国家了；Shenzhen is no longer the city that it used to be. 深圳不再是过去的样子了；7主句是There be结构，修饰其主句
