高一英语重点语法学问预习外研社【本讲训练信息 】一. 教学内容：重点语法学问预习［学习过程］ 一、一般现在时1. 表示现在习惯或常常反复发生的动作或存在的状态 , 常与 usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year 等时间状语连用；[例句 ] He often does his homework in his study.2. 表示主语现在的特点、性格和状态；[例句 ] The dictionary belongs to me.3. 表示客观规律或科学真理、格言 , 以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在；[例句 ] The moon goes around the sun.4. 在有连词 if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however 等引导的时间、 条件和让步状语从句中 , 用一般现在时表将来；[例句 ] If you work hard, you won ’ t fail in the exam.二、一般过去时1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态；[例句 ] She went to the zoo yesterday.2. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时；[例句 ] He said when she came he would tell her.三、现在进行时1. 表示现在 （说话瞬时） 正在进行或发生的动作；[例句 ] He is reading a newspaper now.2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 （说话时动作不肯定正在进行） ；[例句 ] What are you doing these days.3. 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示称赞或厌恶等 , 常 与 always, constantly, continually 等副词连用；[例句 ] He is always thinking of others.4. 表示在最近按方案或支配要进行的动作；常限于 go, come, leave, start, arrive 等表“移动”、“方向”的词；[例句 ] He is coming to see me next week.四、过去进行时1. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作；[例句 ] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him.2. 动词 go, come, leave, arrive, start 等的过去进行常常表过去将来时；[例句 ] She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow.五、一般将来时1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 , 常与表示将来的时间状语连用；[例句 ] I do n’ t know what will happen in the future.2. 常用来表示将来时的结构包括：（ 1） shall / will + 动词原形： （单纯） 表将来 , 一般不用于条件句；（ 2） be going to + 动词原形：（方案）准备做 ；（ 3）be about to + 动词原形：即将或刚要去做某事 ,通常不与时间状语连用 ,但可与 when引导的从句连用；（ 4） be to + 动词原形：预定要做 ；（ 5） be doing 表示按方案、支配即将发生的动作 , 常 与 go, start, set out, leave, reach, arrive, return, come, move 等表位移的动词连用；六、现在完成时1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果；[例句 ] — Have you had your supper yet. — Yes, I have just had it.2. 常与介词 for, during, in, within, over 等引导的时间状语连用 , 表示过去的某一行为始终连续到现在；[例句 ] I haven ’ t seen my English teacher for a long time.3. 表示反复或习惯性的动作 , 常与 several times, once, twice, frequently 等频度副词连用；[例句 ] I have been to the USA several times.4. 表示从过去到现在没有发生过的动作；[例句 ] I haven ’ t swept the floor for a week.5. 用在时间、条件状语从句中 , 表示从句动作先于主句动作完成；[例句 ] I ’ ll tell him after you have left.6. 在“最高级 + 名词”或在“这是第几次 ”之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时；[例句 ] ① This is the third time I have been there.② This is the best tea I have ever drunk.七、过去完成时1. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开头并始终连续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作；[例句 ] By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.2. 有些动词 （如： hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want 等） 的过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的期望、准备或意图；[例句 ] I had hoped to see more of Beijing.◆动词时态应留意的几点1. 瞬时性动词的一般现在时和现在进行常常用来表示将来的动作；例句：① The film begins in a minute.② My uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.2. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中 ,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时；例句：① Every time I listen to that song, I ’ll think of my old friend.② If you do that, I shall be very pleased.③ They’ll stand by you even if you don ’t succeed.3. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区分： 一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作， 但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系， 如对现在产生的影响、 结果等， 所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系 ,因而它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用；如：— Have you finished your work.— Yes, I have.— When did you finish it.— I finished it last summer.◆直接引语与间接引语转换时应留意的几个问题：1. 人称的变化2. 时态的变化3. 时间状语的变化4. 地点状语的变化例句：① Xiao Yi said, “I want to go to the park this afternoon. ”→ Xiao Yi said （ that） he wanted to go to the park that afternoon.② Bob said, “We’ll have a meeting here tomorrow morning. ”→ Bob said （ that） they would have a meeting there the next morning.◆定语从句中关系代词只能用 that 和不能用 that 的几种情形：只能用 that 的情形1. 先行词是不定代词；例句： Please tell me everything that happened to you.2. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或 only, last, same, very 等修饰；例句： ① This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.② This is the only book that I read during the summer holiday.3. 先行词既包括人又包括物；例句： She talked about the writer and his works that interested her.不能用 that 的情形1. 非限制性定语从句中；例句： He said he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true.2. 先行词本身是 that；例句： I have that which you gave me.3. “介词 + 关系代词”结构；例句： The person to whom I talked just now is Tom.◆现在完成进行时与现在完成时进行的比较：1. 强调动作仍未终止时 , 多用现在完成进行时；强调动作的结果时 , 多用现在完成时；例句：① I have been painting the paining. （强调“始终在画”这个动作）② I have painted the painting. （强调“画完了”这个结果）2. 有些动词不能用在现在完成进行时中，但可用在现在完成时中；如： have, love, see 等；例句：① She has had a cold for a week.② They have loved each other for three years.③ I have seen this movie.-ing 形式：1. having donehaving done 是非谓语动词中 -ing 形式的完成式 ,而 doing 就是其一般式 ,它们都与句中主语构成规律上的主谓关系 ,只是 doing 与句中谓语动词同时发生或基本上同时发生； having done 就表示动作或状态发生在句中谓语动词之前；[例句 ]① Hearing the news, they got excited. （ hear 和 get excited 这两个动作几乎同时发生）② Having arrived at the top of mountain, they took a rest. （ arrive 发生在 take a rest 之前）2. 动词后接动词的 -ing 形式和不定式有些动词后既可接动词的 -ing 形式也可接 to do 形式作宾语，但意义有所不同；[例如 ]① forget / remember / regret doing sth. 表示动作已经发生；forget / remember / regret to do sth. 就表示该动作未发生；② mean to do sth. 表示“准备做某事” ；mean doing sth. 表示“意味着做某事” ；③ try to do sth. 表示“设法尽力做某事。