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1、【学习目标】复习巩固 V-ed 和 V-ing 作定语和状语的用法V-ing形式和V-ed形式常被称作分词。我们可以将它们用作定语修饰名词，或用作状语表示时 问、原因、条件、伴随或方式、结果和让步等。一、作定语 V-ing形式与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的 关系，表示正在进行或经常性的动作或某事 是什么样的。 falling leaves an exciting developmentV-ing形式的完成式即having done不能用作定语。Those students who have finished their homework may leave now.(who have finis
2、hed已经完成的动作，不能用having finished来代替) V-ing形式作定语可表示被修饰词的用途或性质等。 a swimming pool a walkingstick V-ed形式与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的 关系,表示已经完成的行为或我们对某事的感觉。 The police found the stolen car. those excited children fallen leaves (不及物动词的v-ed作定语表示被修饰名词的已经完成的主动动作 )单个的分词形式通常置于被修饰的名词，但分词短语通常置于被修饰的名词 O the man standing by the wi
3、ndow a book written by Shakespeare二、作状语 V-ing形式和V-ed形式可起副词作用，在句子中作状语，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、 伴随或方式、结果和让步等。The scientist entered the lab, followed by his assistants. 状语(If) Given more time, we could have done the work better.状语I got up late today, thus causing the delay. 状语Having been told many times, he stil
4、l doesn t know how to do it. 状语 V-ing形式和V-ed形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。若是主谓关系 用,动宾关系用。否则不能使用V-ing形式和V-ed形式作状语，但可以使用 独立主格结构作状语，或使用状语从句。Our work having been finished (= After our work had been finished),we went home.Her wallet (steal) , she had no money to buy even a bus ticket. V-ing和V-ed各种形式作状语时的含义形式含义
5、doing与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。being done通常不用作状语；而用作后置定语，与被修饰名词存在逻辑上的动宾关系且强调 动作正在进行。having done与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，先于主句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生。having been done与句子的主语存在逻辑上的 动宾美系，先于主句的谓语动词 所表示的动作发生。done与句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同日修生；或先于主句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生。分词的否定式，not总是置于V-ing或V-ed(know) what to do
6、, he turned to the teacher.有些分词短语可以作独立成分用来解释整个句子，不受主语限制。常见的有generallyspeaking; judging from/by; speaking of; talking of;given (考虑至U)Given her interest in children , I am sure teaching is the right career for her.Self-test 1. Multiple choice:1.1 n the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly real
7、ized he had left the cheque in the car.A. WaitingB. To waitC. Having waited D. To have waited2. - Who should be responsible for the accident?- The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order.A. as toldB. as are toldC. as tellingD. as they told3. - Can those at the back of the classroom he
8、ar me?- No problem.A. seatB. sitC. seatedD. sat4. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried alone, but shedidn t like it and moved back home.A. livingB. to liveC. to be livingD. having lived5. Lucy s new job paid twice as much as she had made in the restaurant.A. workingB. workC. to w
9、orkD. worked6. that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to haverealized7. It is one of the funniest things on the Internet so far this year.A. findingB. being found C. to findD. found8. , the ship will sail for New York to
10、morrow.A. Wind and weather permitted B. Wind and weather permittingC. Wind and weather permit D. Wind and weather s permitting9. Having been attacked by terrorists, .A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists.II.
11、 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs.1. The building(build) at present is our library.2. (develop) over many years, the railway system is now very important in this area.3. (judge) from his look, he is a kind man.4. (lose) in the fog, we were forced to spend two hours in the woods.
12、III. Rewrite the sentences in another way by using verb-ing or verb-ed forms:1. If you think it over, you will have a good idea., you w川 have a good idea.2. As I don t know much English, I m afraid I can t express clearly.much English, I m afraid I can t express clearly.3. Whose is the package I m w
13、eighing?Whose is the package ?4. The weather was too hot, so we had to stay indoors.The weather , we had to stay indoors.5. Mrs. Bens, who had been doing the experiment for years, announced the recent results of it.the experiment for years, Mrs. Bens announced the recent results of it.Keys:Group-study: 伴随 ；时间 ； 条件 ； 结果 ； 让步Self-test : C A C A A C D B B1. being built 2. Having been developed 3. Judging 4. Lost1. Thinking it over 2. Not knowing 3. being weighed 4. being too hot5. Having been doing
