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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语时态讲解与练习（二）一、一般过去时一般过去时是由动词的过去式来表示的。一般过去时表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。动词的过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。一般过去时的基本构成：规则动词后+ed1. 表示过去发生的动作，与现在毫无联系，与确定的时间状语词连用，如：then,at that time,just now,yesterday,last year,in 1998,ago2. 表示过去习惯动作，只适用于动态动词Eg.When she was in Beijing,she often came to see me.二、现在完成时(重点及难点)构成：助动
2、词have/has+过去分词表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的结果或影响。常与already, just, yet, in the last few years, so far, -Have you had your lunch yet?-yes, I have. I have just had it.（现在我不饿了）I have already posted the photos.(这些照片已不在这里了) 表示动作或状态从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去。常与for, since引导的时间状语连用（For+一段时间 ，Since+某一点时间），可以用how lon
3、g提问。其中“for+一段时间”用在肯定句中，动词必须是延续性动词；在否定句中，延续性动词或短暂性动词均可。Since连接的从句中，常用短暂性动词的一般过去时。I have known Li Ming for three years.They have lived here since 1996.They have lived here since they graduated from university.She has taught us since I came to this school.How long have you worked in this factory?现在完成时和
4、一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last night, three days ago, in 1990等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系。它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。I have seen the film.我已经看过这部电影（我了解这部电影的内容）I saw the film last week.我上一周看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。He has lived here since 1992. 1992你年以来他一直住在
5、这里。（他现在还住在这里）He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（不涉及现在他是否还住在这里）have bee to和have gone tohave been to 表示曾经去过某地 have gone to 表示已经去某地了。have bee in a place在某地待了有多久。现在完成时的口诀:发生在过去，影响在现在。延续性动词与终止性动词讲解动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。延续性动词（或称为持续性动词）终止性动词（或称为瞬间动词、非延续性动词、非延续性动词、界限性动词）表示动作一发生即告结束的动词叫终止性动词，表示持
6、续一段时间的动词叫延续性动词。 一、英语中常见的终止性动词有：leave， go，come，arrive，begin，buy，borrow，die，join， become，marry，graduate，become等。由于终止性动词所表示的动作发生与结束在一瞬间完成，所以终止性动词的完成体的肯定式既不能与表示一段时间的状语“for 时间段”或“ since 时间点”连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句之中。例句： 我哥哥参军两年了。My brother has joined the army for two years（误） 我哥哥自1999年就参军了。My brother ha
7、s joined the army since 1999（误） 你哥哥参军多久了？How long has your brother joined the army ？（误） 如用延续性动词表示瞬间的行为，则必须借助come（表示动作的渐进过程），begin， get（表示动作的变化过程）等动词。例句： I studied English thirteen years ago（误） I began to study English thirteen years ago（正） When did you know him？（误） When did you get to know him ？（正）
8、二、终止性动词肯定形式的完成时不能与一段时间状语连用。可用以下三种方法替换： 时态替换法 就是把非延续性动词的完成时态，改为过去时态，然后再把“for+一段时间”改为“一段时间段ago”，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。例句： My brother joined the army two years ago The old man died ten years ago He left his hometown thirty years ago 句型替换法 (2).since法用“ It is（或has been）一段时间 since”改写，该句型中since后面的谓语动词多为终止性动词，且常用一般过
9、去时。例句： It is（或has been）two years since my brother joined the army It is ten years since the old man died It is（或has been）thirty years since he left his hometown 注：It ishas beensince句型中的动词若为延续性动词，计时的起点是since句中动词结束之点。不然应将since句中的动词改为begin to do sth。例句： Its five years since he studied English他不学英语已五年了。
10、 Its five years since he began to study English他学英语已五年了。 (3).一段时间法“用一段时间has have passed since SV-ed”句型改写。例句： Two years has have passed since my brother joined the army Thirty years has have passed since he left his hometown (4).动词替换法 若保留for 时间段，since 时间点或用在how long句型中，需将终止性动词改为相应的延续性动词或状态动词。例句： My b
11、rother has been in the army for two years Jack has been a postman for about six years When he came home，I had been asleep for three hours Of course I know him very well because we have been friends for ages How long have you been here？ About two months 三、常见终止性动词与延续性动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下： leave be away（fr
12、om） borrow keep finish end stop be over join the army be serve in the army be a soldier open be openjoin the Party be in the Party be a Party member catch get a cold have a cold fall asleep be asleep go to school be in schoolbe a student begin be on put on（上演）be on buy have become be marry be marrie
13、d（to） wake up be awake make friends with be friends with open sth keep sth openlose be lost be missing be gone lose ones job work be out of work a job 例句：When he got to the station，the train had been away for a long time My brother has had a bad cold for a week My father joined the Party in 1945He h
14、as been a Party member for about fifty-five years Toms brother had been in the army for three years before he became a teacher The film had been on for fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema Excuse meHow long may I keep the book？ Two weeks Kate was wearing that red coat from Monday to Saturday Kat
15、e has been married to John for nearly ten years Joe told his friends that he had been a lawyer for ten years The factory has been open since 1990 四、since从句中两种时态的不同含义 我们再来分析一下since从句中使用终止性动词与延续性动词的区别。 在since从句中我们往往使用终止性动词的过去时，从句表示的时间是“从那一时刻起”，如： Mr Brown has made quite a few Chinese friends since he came to China. 布朗先生自从来中国以后已交了相当多的中国朋友。He has studied very hard since he came to our school他自从来到我们学校学习一直非常努力。 We have been missing them since they left here
