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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上首字母专题解析一、首字母填空题考查什么二、解题技巧首字母填空之通关秘籍第一招：判断词性第一招：判断词性通过句法分析弄清楚要填的词是在句中充当主语、谓语还是宾语等。如果是主语或宾语，要填的应当是名词或代词；如果是谓语，要填的就应是动词；如果是在名词前作定语或者在系动词后作表语，要填的应当是形容词；如像We _busy. He _fine.之类的句子，busy， fine都是形容词，也就是说句中还无动词，这一定是填系动词be， look等。第二招：语言逻辑就是利用上下文的意思与结构来填空，这个上下文可能是空格所处的那句本身的前部分和后部分，也可能是空格前后的那个或那几句子
2、，还有可能前后段落或对整篇文章的理解。有时甚至还要结合常识进行简单的逻辑推理才能准确判断出该填哪个词。中考英语段落还是比较简单的，所以出现的语言逻辑情况不多，纵观这几年的真题，基本上用好以下两个兵器就能解决了。兵器1、前后解释呼应Remember that dogs need e . You should take it for a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all day.【讲解】此空后面句子其实是对前面句子的进一步解释，尤其是划横线部分就相当于是对空格部分单词的对应解释，所以联想到e开头的动词，应该就是exercise。When y
3、ou buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if your home is larger。【讲解】buy这一句是不是就是对前面那一空的解释？大房子就买大狗，小房子买小狗，那不就是说要注意狗狗的大小吗。A long time, said the doctor. Maybe for the r 5 of your life. 【2011年上海中考真题】【讲解】一个人要表达一个意思往往不止说一句话，一般说完后，会再补充几句
4、以更加说明自己的观点和意思。此举就是对前面“a long time”的补充说明。 想到The rest of.句型了吧？ 兵器2、连词提示（转折、递进、因果等）Mum used to d 97 us to school, but now my sister and I have started riding our bikes to school. 【2009上海中考真题】【讲解】but是一个标志性词，标志着前后句意思是转折对比关系。现在是骑车到学校，那和这个相对比，之前的是什么呢？肯丢只有drive了We stopped taking long baths and had short sho
5、wers i 95 . 【2009上海中考】【讲解】文章就是讲节约能源的方法的，所以这句and前后其实内容是对比关系，instead都是至于句尾的，表达转折关系的词。Most sunshine recorders o 102 record direct (直接的) sunshine. Neils is more accurate and this is very important for research into ways of using solar power. Neil plans to keep inventing.【2008年上海中考】【讲解】一看到more，就意味着什么？对，比
6、较！那就是比较这两句，more所在这句意思是递进的，更“精确“，前面的肯定就是不够精确了，为什么不够精确呢？看到direct 马上会想到indirect。所以联想，会不会是，大多数记录者only记录了direct sunshine，而没有记录indirect sunshine。引导学生，看到more，but这种标志性连词，要高度兴奋。第三招：常识常理Alana was on a diet, but she didnt like it at all. She was not a 2 to eat her favourite food by the doctor.【2011上海中考真题】【讲解】减
7、肥期间，医生肯定是不让你随便吃东西的。这是常识常理。女生会更有感触。When people study the weather, its important to be able to record the sunshine accurately. We need to know how many h 101 of sunshine we have and how strong it is.【2008上海中考】【讲解】看到how many，应该判断这个空应该是个可数名词，还像是一个量词，因为后面有 of sunshine，再根据常识，记录阳光精确，是要记录我们感受阳光的时间阳光本身的强度。注意
8、：1、考虑词形变化是名词或代词要考虑是该用单数还是用复数；是人称代词是用主格还是宾格；如果是动词就要考虑是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；是谓语动词是主动语态还是被动语态，还要考虑该用哪一种时态；是非谓语动词是用-ing形式，不定式还是用过去分词。等等。切不可一确定是填哪个单词后，就在不作任何考虑的情况下填上去，犯了不该犯的错。2、注意固定搭配根据空格前后之间的固定搭配关系来分析。如be good at， be interested in， make progress， at least， at most， at last， in this way， pay a visit to， take care
9、 of， a lot of， have a population of， get on well with， have a party， give sb. sth. ， ask sb. to do sth. ， be / get used to， spenddoing， sothat等等。三、“台阶式”教学法“台阶式”教学法也许是在较短时间里提高缺词填空能力的途径之一。台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。(1) 对主语的判断1. _ are helpful to students. ( teach
10、 )2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy )3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science)4. _ is my favourite sport. ( fish )5. _ stamps is my hobby. ( collect )Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting分析：以上练习中，填入词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的
11、发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-题）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或doing（、）。此外，形容词前加the，带连词的句子也可作主语。(2) 对谓语的判断John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy,” she a_, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman began r_ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last sh
12、e t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_ my house.”Key: came asked answered ringing turned said say isnt分析：语篇中所缺字除ringing以外均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能
13、作出正确的判断。多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断。(3) 对宾语的判断1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop )2. The front is in great need of medical _ .( work )3. Thank you for your _. ( kind )4. At last he sold his _. ( invent ) Key: 1. development 2. workers
14、3. kindness 4. invention分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同主语的词性一样，代词作宾语时必须用其宾格。(4) 对表语的判断1. It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible)2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill )3. Patrick is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine)4. Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people hav
15、e to wear warm clothes again. （ usually ）5. Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ）Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。(5) 对定语的判断1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally)2. On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly)3. In _ weather, the old had better stay a
