浅谈延续性动词和非延续性动词浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词 和终止性动词延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产牛持久影响如: learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作, 这种动作发生后立即结束如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive,reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy 等二、延续性动词的用法特征1 •延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示〃段时间〃的状语连用 表示〃段时间〃的短语冇：for two years, during the past three years, sincelast year, how long 等女口： I have learned English since I came here. 口从 我来到这儿就学英语了。
2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的〃点时间〃状语连用如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.（误）rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示〃点时间〃，前后显 然孑盾假如用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止 性动词来表示上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.（正） 又如：-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then you"ve known each other for more than two years.-That，s right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1•终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时如:The train has arrived•火车至打Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续因此，不可与表示一段吋间的 状语连用(只限肯定式)如：(1) 他死了三年了误：He has died for three years.IE： He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：Tt is three years since he died.IE： Three years has passed since he died.(2) 他来这儿五天了。
误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.lE： He Crime here five days ago.IE： It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1) > (2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示〃段时间〃的状语连用 那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1) 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确 表达方式卜面列举几例:lcavc-^bc away, borrow-^kccp, buy-^havc, begin/start-^ be on, die—be dead, move to—live in, finish—be over, join—be in/be a member of, open sth. —keep sth. open, fall ill-^be ill, get up—be up, catch a cold—have a cold。
2) 将句中表示〃段时间〃的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中 的第二种止确表达方式3）用句世It is段时间since...表达原忌，如上而两例中的第三种正确表 达方式4）用句型〃时间has passed since...，z表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确 表达方式3•终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表 示一段时间的状语连用如：He hasn，t left here since 1986・I haven，t heard from my father for two weeks.4. 终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成〃not终止性动词unt订/t订1・・・〃的句型,意为〃直到……才……\如:You can，t leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里1 will not go to bed until 1 finish drawing the picture tonight.今天 晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉5. 终止性动词可以用于when引导的吋间状语从句中，但不可以用于wh订e引导 的时间 状语从句中。
when表示的时间是〃点时间〃（从句谓语动词用终止性动词）， 也可以是〃段时间〃（从句谓语动词用延续性动词）而while表示的是一个较长的时 间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词i\\：When we reached London, it was twelve oclock, （reach 为终止性动词）Please look after my daughter while/when we are away, （be away 为延续性动 词短语）6. 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用（只限于肯定式）如：误：How long have you come here?正：How long have you been here?正：When did you come here?专项练习1. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus for two hours・A. has left B・ had lefthas been away D. had been awaythe League for five years so far.A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. join3. The factory since the February of 1995.A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose friends since they met in London in 1998.A. have made B. have beenC. made D. have become5. You mustnt until he comes back.A. be away B. leaveC. be left D. have been6. The meeting for a week now.A. has finished B. has cndedC. has been over D. has been in7. Miss Gao this school since 1996.A. has come to B. came toC. has taught D. has been in8. Ben a teacher for early three years.A. has been B. has becomewas D. becameI home for a week up to now.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned D. were10. How long Mr Smith ?A. did; die B. was; deadC. was; dying D. has; been dead11. Whon I in Bcijing, it was raining hard.A. got B. reachedC. arrived D. was12. Tom the car for two mon ths.A. has had B. boughtC. has bought D. had got13. -How long you ?-Two weeks.A. did; all ill B.have; fallen illC. were; il1 D. have; been il114. Since 1942 he his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved away fromC. has been away fromD. moved away from15. I" 11 lend you the bike, but you can only it for two days.A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. take16. The bus on the road for an hour.A. has stopped B. stoppedC. is stopping D. has been17. Are you the jacket these days?A. wearing B. putting onC. dressing D. pul ling on(Keys: 1-5 DCABB 6-10 CDABD 11-15 CADCC 16-17 DA。