Useful Expressions of Introduction6.1表达己知信息It has been reported/ observed that/ demonstrated that".据报道/观察/证明…...is widely used in."…被广泛应用于…Something was found/ reported/ mentioned by somebody.某人发现/报道/说过某事...is known to.••…已知…...has long been successfully applied for… …己被成功应用于…6.2表达未知信息The animal experimental studies have been carried out for years. However, to our knowledge, only a few cases with clinical application have been reported.在动物实验研光己经进行 了多年但是，据我们所知，只有少数临床应用的病例报告There is insufficient evidence from randomized studies...来自随机研宄的证据不足… There have been few studies of... 几乎没有关于…的研究There are conflicting data on the."It also remains unclear whether…关于…的数扼有冲突， 现在还不清楚是否…Studies have differed in their conclusion on/ about/ regarding...研究有着不同的结论， 在/关于/认为…Surprisingly, there is little evidence that...令人惊讶的是，几乎没有证据表明…There have been different/ conflicting reports regarding/ on…有不同白勺/矛盾的报告关于/ 在…Litter research has been done on...在…方而儿乎没有做研光Relatively little knowledge is available related to...关于…几乎没有己知信息可以应用 Little attention has been paid/ given to...在…方面几乎没有引起注意 It is unclear/ uncertain/ unknown whether...还不清楚/不确定/不知道…• ••is/ remains controversial/ unexplored/ unclear.…依然有争论/米探索/不清楚• ••remains an important unsolved problem.…留下一个重要的未解决的问题。
6.3表达未知信息和研究问题之间的连接语For this purpose, we...为了达到目的，我们…To test the hypothesis, we...为了验证该假说，我们…To determine whether…,we…为了确定是否…我们…To answer the question，we... 为了回答该问题，我们…In an attempt/ in an effort/ in order to investigate/ determine/ clarify/ assess…，we... 在试图/以调查/确定/阐明/评估，我们…In this study, an attempt was made to...在本研究中我们试图…We hypothesized that...我们推测（假设）…In this study we asked whether...在这项研宄中，我们提出是否…We designed a prospective trial to test whether...我们设计了一个准实验，以检测否…6.4表达研究问题We aimed to determine." and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism of 我们的目标是确定…并调查可能的潜在机制…In this study, we tested the hypothesis that...在这项研宄中，我们验证该假设…The present study aimed to demonstrate...本研究旨在证明…We conducted this study to determine whether...我们进行这项研究以确定是否…We investigated the association between... and...我们研究…和…之间的的关联…We undertook this trial to clarify...我们进行这项试验，以明确…We undertook a pilot study to assess...我们进行了一项初步研究，以评估…We conducted an interventional study with the aim of...我们进行一项介入研究，其目标是… On the basis of published results with... and our previous experience with..., wehypothesized that...基于对…已公布的结果和以前我们在…方面的经验，我们推测…The purpose/ objective/ aim of this study/ research/ investigation was to…本研究/研究 /调查的目的/目标/目的是…This study was designed to...本研究的目的是…The present study was undertaken to...本研究的目的在于…Useful Expressions of Methods6.1表达研宄对象的选取Patients were randomly selected…随机选取患者…Patients were eligible for inclusion in the... if they have evidence of...患者如果满足…的条件即可纳入…The present study enrolled...本研究纳入…Subjects were eligible to participate if.•.如果…受试者就有资格参与Patients meeting the following criteria were included in the study…符合以下条件的患者被纳入该项研 允…...subjects were recruited/ included/ entered on a voluntary basis...受试者的招募/纳入/参加都是建立在自愿基础上的…All included subjects were examined with...所有被纳入的受试者都做了…检査Patients were included in our study if they had presented with...如果患者有…表现，则纳入我们的研究The study population consists of patients with...研究群体由…患者构成…were excluded from the study/ participation/ enrollment if they had any of the following…如果他们有 下列任何…，则被排除在研宄/参与/纳入范围之外 ...were considered ineligible for……被认为不符合…The criteria for exclusion are...排除标准是…Exclusion criteria included the following...排除标准包括以下内容…...were excluded on the basis of...…以…作为排除的依据 6.2表达对象分组情况Patients were divided into... groups…患者被分为…组...groups were selected at random...分组随机选择...were randomly assigned by a computerized system…由计算机系统随机分酉己…were randomly assigned to".groups 随机分为…组...were randomized into... with..•用…（方法）随机分成…6.3表达研究的伦理规范和有效性...were conducted in agreement with…按照…（协议），进行…The research procedure was carried out in accordance with...这项研究的过程是依…进行的All procedures complied with the guiding principles for the care and use of animals approved by."所有的程序都遵循巾…认可的关于动物管理和使用的指导原则The experiment/ protocol was approved by...该实验/计划由…批准All participants gave written informed consent.所有参与者都签署丫书面知情同意。
The requirement for written informed consent was waved by…关于巾由知t青同意的要求是…Verbal consent was obtained from...从…获得了 口头同意Participation in the study was optioned for...这项研光的参勾者足从…选择的 6.4表达材料来源...was (were) purchased from……贝勾白…"•was (were) supplied/ provided by……由…提供• ••was (were) obtained from."".从…获取"•was (were) donated by...; was the/ a gift of/ from...; ".was a donation from……由…捐赠；…由… 赠送，…是…的赠品 6.5表达试验方法Sections of... were prepared as previously described…按如前所述的准备...was (were) prepared according to the method described by...按照…描述的方法准备…The procedures were similar to those in previous studies.该过程和前期的研光过程相似。
The... model was established (set up) by... methods.…模型的建立用...(没立)的方法......were assayed by... method derived f。