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1、专题八名词性从句【知识要点】一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。如： Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主语从句 ）I don t know what he means. （宾语从句 ）I m glad that you are here. （宾语从句用在形容词之后）The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介词宾语从句）That was because he was ill.（表语从句 ）The news t
2、hat he got killed in the race surprised us all.（同位语从句 ）二、引导名词性从句的连接词连接词词义功能that 无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if 是否不作成分，起连接作用what, which 什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who, whom, whose 谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when, where, how, why 什么时候 /地方，怎么样，为什么作状语how many/much 多少作定语Howsoon/often/long/much 多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语whatever=anything that 无论什么
3、作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyone whose 无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anything that 无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who 无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom 无论谁作宾语1.that引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在except ，in ，but ， besides等少数介词后。如：I could say nothing but that Im sorry.that 引导的从句可作it 的同位语从句。如：You may depend upon it that all the good
4、s will be delivered in time. 2.that引导宾语从句时可省略 ；引导其他名词性从句时，一般不省略，特别是引导主语从句且位于句首时。如：That the earth is round is true. The fact that he is a thief got around.注意：下面一句中，第一个that 可省略，第二个that 不可省略 ：He said （ that） he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home. 3.whether与 if 引导名词性从句时的区别
5、。（1）在引导宾语从句时whether与 if 可互换，但如果和or not 连用则只用whether 。如：I don t know whether or not he can stay here longer.（2）如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用 if 而不用 whether引导。如：He asked me if I wasnt going there.（3）介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。如：I m not interested in whether he is rich.精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 12 页
6、 - - - - - - - - -（4）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般多用whether 。如：The question is whether you can do it yourself.The question whether he will come here himself isnt decided yet.Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.（5）用 it 作形式主语时，whether或 if 都可以引导主语从句。如：It is not clear to me whether/if he likes t
7、he present. 4.注意 what/whatever；who/whoever； which/whichever的区别。试比较下列句子：Whoever will go to the concert please signs your name here.=Anyone who will go to the concert please signs your name here.Who will go to the concert isnt known.=It s unknown who will go to the concert.He wont believe whatever she
8、 says.=No matter what she says，he won t believe her.Whichever toy you want is yours.=No matter which toy you want，it is yours.5.注意 how long/how soon/how often/how much的区别。How long will he stay here?How soon can you be ready?How often do you visit her?How much is that dress?6.当主句谓语动词表示不肯定或怀疑时，宾语从句用wh
9、ether/if引导；表示有把握时用that引导。 如： I doubt whether/if he can win the match.I don t doubt that he can win the match.7.what与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语 ， 而 that 则不然。如： What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a fact. 8.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is sa
10、id/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.（right ）That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（wrong ）（3）It happens. ，It occurs. 结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（right ）That he failed in the examina
11、tion occurred to him.（wrong ）（4）It doesn t ma tter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.（right ）Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（ wrong ）（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?（right ）Is that will rain in the evening like
12、ly?（wrong ）一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语 的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.it 作形式主语和it 引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that 。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom 。如：精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - -It is a pity that you did
13、nt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.2.用 it 作形式主语的结构1)It is 名词从句It is a fact that .事实是 It is an honor that.非常荣幸It is common knowledge that.是常识2)it is 形容词从句It is natural that.很自然 It is strange that.奇怪的是 3)it is 不及物动词从句It seems that.似乎 It happened that.碰巧 4)it 过去分词从句I
14、t is reported that.据报道 It has been proved that.已证实 3.再复习一下主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2)It is said ，(reported).结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：据说江主席下周要来我校视察。It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)3)It happens
15、.，It occurs. 结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他考试没及格。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)4)It doesnt matter how/whether .结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他是不是错了，这一点不重要。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesnt ma
16、tter.(wrong)5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：傍晚有可能下雨吗？Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 4.what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、 宾语、 表语， 而 that 则不然。 如：What you said yesterday is right. 二、宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语1)由 that 引导的宾语从句（that 通常 可以省略 ）,如：I heard that he joined the army. 2)由 what ， whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，如：She did not know what had happened. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第
