《安徽省明光英普辅导中心初中英语 知识点复习总结 被动语态》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《安徽省明光英普辅导中心初中英语 知识点复习总结 被动语态（10页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、被动语态被动语态的结构 英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，也就是说它们是主动关系，此时动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，也就是说它们是被动关系，此时动词则用被动语态。英语的被动语态由“助动词be过去分词”构成，其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。如：English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。After the acc
2、ident, the injured were taken to hospital. 事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救。被动语态的五个重要考点将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题1. All the employees except the manager _to work online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged解析：主语是all the employees(复数) ，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C；又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要
3、用被动语态，排除B，故选D。2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，排除B和D；又因主语(library) 是单数，排除C；故选A。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami
4、but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what解析：因he与send是被动关系，排除D；又因it (is) necessary后的that从句的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”，排除A；答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子成分，用that；故选B。将语态与倒装结合起来命题Only after my friend cam
5、e _.A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired解析：因the computer与repair是被动关系，排除A；又因only加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装，排除选项D和B；故选C。将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度Good care must _babies, particularly while they are ill.A. take B. take of C. be taken D. be tak
6、en of解析：由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知，good care与take是被动关系，排除A和B；选项C中又漏掉了of；故选D。在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题1. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded解析：因people与persuade是被动关系，排除A和B
7、。又因为主语是一般将来时，条件句中用一般现在时，所以选D。2. Hundreds of jobs _if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost 解析：因lose与jobs是被动关系，排除A和D；又因条件状语从句是一般现在时，主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时，故选B。3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _each year.A. were washed away B. is being washed
8、 awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away解析：因good earth (沃土) 与wash away(冲走) 是被动关系，排除C；又因quantities of作主语，谓语动词用复数，排除B；指近阶段(近些年) 正在发生的事，用现在进行时，排除A；故选D。4. The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.()A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned解析：由is和for weeks可知，要用现在完
9、成时态，排除B和C；又因It (The window) 与clean是被动关系，要用被动语态，所以选D。5. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding? No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A. was not invited B. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite 解析：因为I与invite是被动关系，又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之前，got married是过去，invite就该是过去的
10、过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，只有C正确。6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been completed B. has completedC. will have been completed D. will have completed 解析：因“by+将来时间”通常与将来完成时连用，所以由by 2006可排除A和B；又因为work与complete是被动关系，所以要被动语态，只有C正确。7. Be careful when y
11、ou cross this very busy street. If not, you may _run over by a car. A. have B. get C. become D. turn 解析：you与run over是被动关系，选项中只有get才可与过去分词run构成被动语态，故选B。被动语态【用法与特点】 常用时态的被动语态由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。(1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。如： Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词
12、。如： The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。(3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。如： The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。(4) 过去进行时：was/were/being +过去分词。如： This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。(5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。如： The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外.(6
13、) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。如：The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。(7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。如： This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。(8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。如： When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had alread
14、y been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。被动语态【用法与特点】 带双宾语动词的被动语态规律主动：He answered me the question. (正)被动：I was answered the question by him. (正)被动：The question was answered me by him. (误)有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语)，这类动词主要的有：buy，give，lend，pay，show，teach，tell，offer，leave，award 等：他给了她一些钱。主动：He gave her some money. (正)被动：She was given some money by him. (正)被动：Some
