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1、初三英语初三英语动词不定式动词不定式人教版朗文人教版朗文【同步教育信息同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容： 复习动词不定式作表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和作定语。一. 动词不定式放在谓语动词 be 后面就是作表语。 e.g. Our duty is to study hard for the people. 连系动词 作表语 Her wish is to become a teacher. 她的愿望是成为一名教师。（作表语） 所以不定式作表语的结构是： 谓语动词 be+ to do The most important thing is to practise speaking English
2、as often as possible. 尽可能经常练习讲英语是最重要的。二. 动词不定式在及物动词后面就是作宾语。我们已经学过的动词有：want, wish, hope, agree, plan, try, start, begin, decide, learn, like, know, help 等等。 e.g. Mrs Li wants to take these books to the office. 李老师想把这些书带到办公室去。 I like to play computer games in my free time. 我喜欢在业余时间玩电子游戏。 重点：有些及物动词后面还可
3、以跟带有疑问代词（what, which, who, whose 等）或疑问副词（how, why, where, when 等）的不定式作宾语。 e.g. Sam didnt know which book to choose. 山姆不知道该选择哪一本书。 The teacher couldnt decide when to have a quiz. 老师不能决定什么时候进行测试。 注意： A. 只有及物动词后面的不定式才叫不定式作宾语，而不及物动词后面的不定式叫作状语。 e.g. Linda decided to learn a second foreign language. 琳达决定学
4、另外一种外国语。 decide 是及物动词，to learn 是不定式作宾语。 The students often go to see Uncle Wang. go 是不及物动词，to see 是不定式作目的状语。 B. 如果有疑问词，必须放在不定式之前。 e.g. Mary doesnt know what to do next. 玛丽不知道下一步该干什么。 Did anyone tell you when to have a sports meeting? 有人告诉你什么时间开运动会了吗？ C. it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语 to do sth. 放在后面，请记住这个句型，think /
5、find + it + adj. + to do sth. e.g. I find it difficult to understand him. 我发现很难理解他。 Mother thinks it important to master English. 母亲认为掌握英语很重要。 The child found it very hard to get to the top of the mountain. 孩子发现到达山顶很难。三. 动词不定式作宾语补足语的结构是：谓语动词加宾语（名词或代词），再跟一个不定式，形成一个复合结构。 e.g. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做
6、某事 ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 would like sb. to do sth. 愿意某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加 not. e.g. tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉/叫某人不要做某事 The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 警察叫男孩们别在街上玩。 这种结构中还可以有疑问代词或疑问副词。
7、e.g. teach sb how to do sth. Mr Pope taught Lina how to use the washing machine. tell sb. where / how / when to do sth. Malcolm told Susan where to get some coffee. 注意：不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的情况有： A. 在感官动词，see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等后面。 B. 在使役动词，make, let, have 等后面作宾补的不定式不能加 to. 记住： see sb. do sth. 看见
8、某人做某事 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事 feel sb. do sth. 感觉/觉察某人做某事 make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做某事 let / have sb. do sth.让某人做某事（没有被动语态） 遇到这类句子变成被动语态时，一定要加 to 千万不可忘记。 be made to do sth. be seen / heard to do sth. e.g. People often hear the girl sing in the concert. The girl is often heard
9、to sing in the concert （by people） Mrs Black made Jack do more exercises. Jack was made to do more exercises by Mrs Black. A middle-aged man was seen to go into the office. 有人看见一个中年男人进入办公室。四. 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的，结果和原因。 e.g. She went to choose a Christmas present last week. 上周她去选择圣诞礼物。（表示目的） Judy took a t
10、axi in order to get to the airport in time. 朱娣乘出租车为的是及时赶到飞机场。（表示目的） He is old enough to join the army. 他已到了参军的年龄。（表示结果） Grandpa is too tired to go on working. 爷爷年龄太大不能继续工作了。（表示结果） Im glad to see my friends again. 再见到朋友们我很高兴。（表示原因） Sorry to hear that Ben is ill. 听到本生病了很伤心。（表示原因）重点应当记住： 1. 表示目的状语的不定式有
11、两种： A. 不及物动词后面跟状语。 e.g. Kevin came to tell us the bad news. 凯文来是为了告诉我们这个坏消息。 及物动词后面的不定式作宾语。 We wish to have a happy holiday. 我们希望过个愉快的假期。 B. to do sth. / in order to do sth. 是“为了做某事” 否定形式 in order not to do sth. e.g. In order to get to school early, he got up at 6 oclock this morning. 今天早晨为了早到校，他六点钟
12、就起床了。 We should go over the exercises not to make the same mistake. 为了不犯同样的错误，我们应该检查一下这些练习。 2. 记住两个表示结果状语的动词不定式短语。 enough to do 足够做某事 The city hall is not large enough to hold thousands of people. 市政厅太小/不够宽大，容纳不下几千人。 too to do 太（以致不能）做某事 Its never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 3. 表示原因的不定式作状语的结构是：be + a
13、dj. + to do 常用的形容词有：sorry, happy, sad, glad, pleased, lucky, surprised, able, eager, angry, ready, clever, foolish, wrong, right 等等。 e.g. Kate is surprised to hear the good news. 听到这个好消息 Kate 很惊奇。 Lily is sorry to be late. 莉莉迟到很抱歉。 You are clever to solve the difficult problem. 解决这个难题你真是太聪明了。 注意：动词不
14、定式作宾语与动词不定式作状语的区别： 1. 及物动词后面的是不定式作宾语 e.g. I want to learn Russian. to learn Russian 在及物动词 want 后面作宾语。 2. 从上面的例句中可以看出及物动词 want 后面如果没有 to learn Russian，句子意思则不完整，表明 to learn 在及物动词后面不可省略。 3. 不及物动词后面的是不定式作目的状语。 e.g. He came to help me yesterday. 不定式 to help me 在不及物动词后面表示 came 的目的，作状语。 从上面的例句可以看出，如果只写 He
15、came 句子成立，意思完整，说明 to help me 不是必不可缺的。 句型转换： A. enough to do 与 so that（can do）表示结果状语从句之间可以进行句型转换。 e.g. Mr Derham is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree. Mr Deaham is so tall that he can reach the apples on the tree. Nasi spoke slowly enough for the children to under stand. Nasi spoke so slowl
16、y that the children could understand . Nasi 说得慢为的是孩子们能懂。 B. tooto do 与 sothatcant do 表示结果状语从句之间的句型转换。 e.g. The old man was too tired to walk any further. The old man was so tired that he couldnt walk any further. 老人太累了，以致走不动了。 C. in order to do 与so that （an）表示目的状语从句之间句型的转换。 e.g. I got up early in order to catch the first bus. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 我早起为的是赶上第一班公共汽车。五. 动词不定式可以用作定语。 不定式有形容词的作用，在句子中作定语，修饰名词或者代词。动词不定式放在所修饰的名词或者代词之后。表示“要（做某事）”“的” e.g. I have much housework
