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1、Reading Material 16Pressure Vessel CodesHistory of Pressure Vessel Codes in the United States Through the late 1800s and early 1900s, explosions in boilers and pressure vessels were frequent. A firetube boiler explosion on the Mississippi River steamboat Sultana on April 27, 1865, resulted in the bo
2、ats sinking within 20 minuted and the death of 1500 soldiers going home after the Civil War. This type of catastrophe continued unabated into the early 1900s .In 1905, a destructive explosion of a firetube boiler in a shoe factory in Brockton, Massachusetts, killed 58 people, injured 117 others, and
3、 did $400000 in property damage. In 1906, another explosion in a shoe factory in Lynn, Massachusetts, resulted in death, injury, and extensive property damage. After this accident, the Massachusetts governor directed the formation of a Board of Boiler Rules. The first set of rules for the design and
4、 construction of boilers was approved in Massachusetts on August 30, 1907 This code was three pages long. In 1911, Colonel E D. Meier, the president of the Americiin Society of Mechanical Engineers, established a committee to write a set of rules for the design and construction of boilers and pressu
5、re vessels. On Febmary 13, 1915，the first ASMEBoiler Code was issued. It was entitled HBoiler Constmction Code, 1914 Edition11. This was the beginning of the various sections of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which ultimately became Section 1, Power Boilers. The first ASME Code tor pressu
6、re vessels was issued as Rules for the Construction of Unfired Pressure Vesselsr Section VII, 1925 edition. The rules applied to vessels over 6 in. in diameter, volume over 1.5 ft3, and pressure over 30 psi. In December 1931, a Joint API-ASME Committee was fomied to develop an unfired pressure vesse
7、l code for the petroleum industry. The first edition was issued in 1934. For the nest 17 years, two separated unfired pressure vessel codes existed .In 1951, the last API-ASME Code was issued as a separated document. In 1952, the two codes were consolidated into one code-一the ASME Unfired Pressure V
8、essel Code, Section VUI. This continued until the 1968 edition At that time, the original code became Section VUI, Division 1, Pressure Vessels, and another new part was issued, which was Section VUI, Division 2, Alternative Rules tor Pressure Vessels.The ANSI/ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is
9、 issued by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers with approval by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as an ANSI/ASME document. One or more sections of the ANSI/ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code have been established as the legal requirements in 47 states in the United Stated
10、and in all provinces of Canada. Also, in many other countries of the world, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is used to construct boilers and pressure vessels Organization of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is divided into many sections, divi
11、sions, parts, and subparts Some of these sections relate to a specific kind of equipment and application; others relate to specific materials and methods for application and control of equipment; and others relate to care and inspection of installed equipment. The following Sections specifically rel
12、ate to boiler and pressure vessel design and construction.Section I Power Boilers (1 volume)Section IIIDivision 1 Nuclear Power Plant Components (7 volumes)Division 2 Concrete Reactor Vessels and Containment (1 volume)Code Case Case 1 Components in Elevated Temperature service (in Nuclear Code N-47C
13、ase book)Section IV Heating Boilers (1 volume)Section VIDivision 1 Pressure Vessels (1 volume)Division 2 Alternative Rules tor Pressure Vessels (1 volume)Section XFiberglass-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels (1 volume) A new edition of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is issued on July 1 e
14、very three years and new addenda are issued every six months on January 1 and July 1. The new edition of the code becomes mandatory when it appears. The addenda are permissive at the date of issuance and become mandatory six months after that date. Worldwide Pressure Vessel Codes In addition to the
15、ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which is used worldwide, many other pressure vessel codes have been legally adopted in various countries Difficulty often occurs when vessels are designed in one country, built in another country, and installed in still a different country. With this worldwide c
16、onstruction this is often the case The following list is a partial summary of some of the various codes used in different countries:Australia Australian Code for Boilers and Pressure Vessels, SAA Boiler Code (Series AS 1200): AS 1210, Unfired Pressure Vessels and Class 1 H, Pressure Vessels of Advanced Design and Construction, Standards Association of AustraliaFrance Construction Code Calculation Rules for Unfired Pressure Vessels,
