Module 6 Unit 2 Grammar不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语1）作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：（o do, in order to do, so as 9 do （不用于句首） To do first aid correctly, you have to study with a teache匚In order not to waste electricity, we turned the light off.Check your composition carefully so as to avoid mistakes, （so as to 只能置于主句之后 ［当堂练习］1. 为了早上多睡会，Bob把所有的闹钟都关了2•为了提高雇员的工作效率，上司将允许他们有喝咖啡的休息时间3. —Did the book give the information you needed?一Yes. But it, I had to read the entire book.（2008 北京）A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding4. this cake, yoifll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. （2006 广东卷）A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making2） 原因:不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。
如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surpried, disappointed.不定式不放在句首女口： I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.She wept to hear the news.1 •见到你我很高兴 2.1 feel greatly honored into their society. （2008 北京卷）A. to welcome B. welcoming C・ to be welcomed D. welcomed3） 结果：常用only to do…来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之 后They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. He worked hard only to fail. 他匆匆忙忙的跑到车站，结果却发现火车已经走了2. He hurried to the booking office only that all the tickets had been sold out. 06 陕西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told注意：不定式做结果状语的固定搭配%1 so ...as to ..・Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?%1 such （...） as to ...Fm not such a fool as to believe that.%1 enough to •・・The boy is old enough to go to school.%1 too • • • to •. •His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.too…to...句型并非都表示否定含义(1) 一般情况下，此结构表示太…以致不能.「这一否定结构。
You are too young to go to school. The question is too difficult to answer. (2) 当too前出现only, but, all等副词时,too...to…句型不再表示否定的意义,only(but, all) too...相当于really, too没有否定的含义，相当于very.I am only too glad to receive your nice gift. We are but too eager to hear from you. (3) 当句型中的形容词是表示“难"“易"或表示某种心情的形容词，如ready, easy, glad, pleased 等时，too作“十分，极其"解，表示肯定的意义She is too ready to help others. His mother is too easy to get angry. (4) never(not)+too...to.型为环会太…所以能...”之意否定词never(not)与含否定意义 的too...to…句型一起构成双重否定，即为肯定含义。
One is never too old to learn. It is never too late to mend. She did not get up too late to catch the early bus. (5) too...not to...句型表示肯定含义,意义为“太…不会不…”He is too kind not to help you. 2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作目的状 语注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词(if, unless, when, while, once (一 旦)though, although) 现在分词作状语：1 •作吋间状语：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worke匚1) 当听到这个消息的时候，他们都高兴的跳了起來2) 看到这些图片，我们都情不口禁的想起在北京的那些H子3) (While) walking on the street, 2•作原因状语： Being a League member, he is always helping others・ Being students, we must study hard.1) 不知道他的地址，我们没法与他取得联系。
2) 在这个学校已经学习一年了，我非常了解这个学校3) , he can* go to school.3•作方式状语，表示伴随：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.1) 他在桌子旁坐着读书 2) 孩子们笑着聊着天走出教室 4•作条件状语：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.1) 在英语方面努力点，你就会取得更大的进步的2) 向左转，你就会发现我们通向我们学校的那条小路I）她的丈夫去世了，留下她和两个孩子大伙持续了两个月，结果房子成为灰烬3. At he end of 2002, there were around 3,000 foreign printing companies in China , — up around 2 percent of national total.A. made B. to make C. making D・ having made4・ European football is played in 80 countries, —it the most popular sports inthe world・A. making B. makes C・ made D・ to make6•作让步状语： Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.=Though it rained heavily, it cleared up very soon.1）尽管感觉累，他还是继续跑下去。
2）尽管承认你是对的，我还是不同意你的观点3）过去分词做状语：过去分词和分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等1 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间 概念如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.1） 一旦看过，就永远不会忘记它的 2） When help, one often says " Thank you. " or " It s kind of you. " （2005 福建）A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered%1 表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.=Because they are deeply moved by the story, Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.%1 表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用讦等词。
女口：Given another chanee, he will do better.=If he is given another chance, Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气 %1 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句女U：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究 %1 表方式或伴随情况女U：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题 形容化的分词（短语）作状语英语中有些形容词化的过去分词（短语），常省略be动词，在句中作状语常见的有：be lost in, be faced with, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of 等等考例】（1） in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a docto匚 （2005 湖南）A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D・ Having dressed（2） and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. （ 2006 全国 I ）A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surpris。