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1、本科生毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译题 目我国葡萄酒进口现状、发展问题及建议姓 名学 号学 院专 业国际经济与贸易指导教师2015年12月29日The international wine trade: Recent trends and critical issuesAngela Mariania, Eugenio Pomaricib, Vasco BoattocAbstractThis paper aims to contribute to the understanding of international wine trade complexities, focusing on the
2、period 2000-2011. Since 2000 the wine trade has grown significantly and its structure has experienced major changes. Such changes are shaping the current competitive scenario of the wine market and are the base elements for its future development. The paper analyses the growth of world wine imports,
3、 considering all wines together and the single categories recognized by global statistics (bottled, bulk and sparkling wine). It then describes the changes in the geography of importers with the emergence of new markets and the competitive performance of the main suppliers. The bulk wine trade, the
4、re-export of wine and the exposure of trade flows to trade barriers are also analyzed in detail. Finally, on the basis of the dominant trend in wine consumption and changes in the supply chain, the critical issues arising from analysis are examined, with the need for further research being underline
5、d.IntroductionWine has traditionally been a traded good but only in the past two decades, the international wine trade has experienced considerable growth: in the 1960s the exported share of global wine production was 10% and in 1990 this share had reached only 15%. However, by the year 2000 the exp
6、orted production had reached 25% of global production and more than 30% in 2010.The growth of the international wine trade is just one of the aspects of the complex evolution of the world wine sector: there have been profound changes in the geography of production and consumption and in the directio
7、n of export flows (Andcrsou and Nelgcn, 2011c, Banks and Overton 2010 and Mariani et aL, 2011). Indeed, the growth of the wine trade was caused during the 1990s by the wine consumption increase in Northern Europe and North America, compensating for the decrease in consumption in Mediterranean countr
8、ies, and by the growth of exports from so-called New World Wine Producers. Recently, the international trade in wine has been boosted by increasing demand mainly in Asian countries which until recently were only marginally involved in wine imports, and production is increasing in some importing coun
9、tries (China, India, Brazil) and in those with considerable potential (Ukraine). Undoubtedly, the growth of the international wine trade makes the wine industry “an intriguing case of globalisation at work”A major consequence of the increasing importance of the international wine trade is the strong
10、 export orientation of the worlds large producing countries and the dependence of the profitability of the wine industry on expansion of international trade. The study of the international wine trade is therefore a very important issue but also not easy to tackle. As observed by Hugh Johnson, introd
11、ucing Pierre Spahni s book on international wine trade: “Can there be a more complex trade than commerce in wine? What other commodity is offered in such infinite variety, at prices from inconsiderable to fabulous. Its markets are as almost various as itself, ranging from regions where it is as ever
12、yday as bread to milieus where it is elevated (if that is the word) to a fashion item. Governments vary so widely in their attitude to it that in one country it is covered in health warnings, in others used as a tax cow, while in another the only official injunction is not to throw the empty bottle
13、into the nearest ditch,Given both the importance and complexity of such issues, an exhaustive analysis lies beyond the scope of our paper. The objective is simply to show, with statistics to hand, the overlying importance of some traits of the evolution of the international wine trade as elements of
14、 change and hence stress their importance as critical issues for the business community and policy makers and as a specific research field for academics.Our analysis of the international wine trade over the period 2000-2011 highlighted both its growth and the way its structure has evolved. Having ou
15、tlined the main trends, we now briefly discuss what appear to be the most critical issues in order to highlight the main aspects requiring specific and extensive research. Such issues comprise: (i) changes in the composition of flows; (ii) new trade routes; (iii) the peculiar progression of the comp
16、etitive performance of suppliers; (iv) the increased complexity of the market s regulatory framework.The changes in flow composition, with the increased share of bulk wine and sparkling wine, appear the result of two drivers: evolution of consumer demand and, for bulk wine, the search for a more efficient organisation to supply foreign markets. On the consumption side, the dominant trends in wine consumption highlighted by the most recent stud
