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1、Learning about language,1. Answer keys for Ex1 on Page4:,outdoorsupsetbe concerned aboutloosego through,ignoreface to face calm downcurtainseries,Discovering useful words and expressions,2. Answer keys for Ex. 2 on page 4:,Annes sister, Margot, was very _ that the family had to move. However, she kn
2、ew that she had got to _all the difficulties with her family. She found it difficult to settle and _ in the hiding place, because she was _ whether they would be discovered.,upset,go through,calm down,concerned about,She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. What she reall
3、y missed was going _ walking the dog for her neighbour. It was such fun to watch it run _ _in the park. She wished she could tell her neighbour_ that she was sorry not to be able to do it any longer, but she knew that was too dangerous !,outdoors,loosely,face to face,3. Answer keys for Ex.3 on page
4、4:,When the man saw the car accident on the highway, he stopped to offer help.“How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when its so dirty and dusty ? It will only make her worse. said the doctor.,After Peter died, George set down the story of their friendship in a book.When the street lig
5、hts go on at dusk , they make a beautiful picture, so different from the daytime.,5. Good friends do not concern about what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed.Although Tim and Mike come from entirely different backgrounds, they became close friends.,Please draw the cur
6、tain ; the sunlight is too bright.“Sorry, I didnt break the plate on purpose . “ Its OK. Dont worry about it.,Grammar,直接引语和间接引语,Direct and Indirect Speech,Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1),转述别人的陈述陈述句, She asked me what I was doing.,1) He said , “Im going to Beijing., He said that he was going
7、to Beijing.,2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?, He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.,3) She said , “What are you doing?,2. 转述别人的疑问一般疑问句,3. 转述别人的问题特殊疑问句,直接引语变成间接引语，句子构造的变化,He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination
8、 next Monday. He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.,陈述句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that,陈述句:,“I dont like computers, Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,said,didnt,sh
9、e,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,Sarah,一般疑问句,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation? He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you? He asked whether I was interested in English.,间接引语用
10、连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序,一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve
11、 the condition of the soil.,特殊疑问句,He said to me，“Whats your name? He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country? He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,特殊疑问句：When do you har
12、vest the wheat ?( They asked him ),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,选择疑问句,He asked, “Do you speak English or French? He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train? I as
13、ked him whether he would take bus or take train.,用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,5. 注意地点的变化,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,1. 注意时态的变化,2. 注意人称变化。,3. 注意指示代词的变化,4. 注意时间的变化,6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化,When you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, you sometimes need to change the verb tense. You may also ne
14、ed to change pronouns , time in order to keep the same meaning.,Direct indirect PresentpastPast past and past perfectPresent perfect past perfect Past perfectpast perfect,The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：,1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变,Th
15、e geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,She says that shell never forget the days in the country.,2. 假设直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变,The children said, “We love this game.,They told us that they love that game.,3.主句谓语动词的时态是如今时态，在引述时，时态不变。,She says, “Ill never
16、forget the days in the country.,1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2. 当直接引语部分带有详细的过去时间状语时 3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时,从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the
