《广东省新兴县惠能中学高中英语二轮复习 命题揭秘与解题课件》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《广东省新兴县惠能中学高中英语二轮复习 命题揭秘与解题课件(43页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、高考命题揭秘,短文特点,结论:(1)长度:在150220词之间,即180词左右。因2011年由原来的10增加到15空,我们估计,短文长度应在260个词左右。(2)题材:或反映最新科技动态,或体现文化内涵。,(3)体裁:短文是具有一定故事情节的记叙文,或者是说明文。(4)难度:一般不会有影响短文理解的超标词,但有时会出现课标单词的派生词,如supernatural, folktale, automatically, recognition, inexpensive等,其词根都是课标中规定的词,考生根据构词法知识不难理解其意义。,我们在备考中,不但要重点训练已考过的或常考的题材和体裁的文章,而且还
2、要选取各种体裁、各类题材的文章来作为训练材料,以便把握不同体裁和不同题材的篇章特点,在应试过程中才能迅速读懂大意、弄清脉络,提高解题的速度和准确率。,名师指津,短文来源,命题材料一般来自网络或英文原版书刊。,考点设置,(1)四考:到目前为止只考了四类词名词、动词、形容词和副词。至于这四类词是否有比例的问题,由上表可看出,显然是没有规律的,哪类词设多少个空,在很大程度上由所选材料本身的特点来决定。,结论:四考四没考。,(2)四没考:以下四个方面在近四年的广东高考完形填空中没考:没有考代词、冠词、介词、连词(包括引导各类从句的引导词、连接词和关系词)、主谓一致等涉及语法规则的词类。没有考语法。全部
3、试题的正确答案都是通过理解上下文的内容和逻辑来确定。没有将在具体语境中其词义或用法都难以辨别的两个或几个词语放在同一小题中来考查。没有考even, ever, still, however之类的副词。,名师指津:我们认为,第4条提到的副词是体现语篇特征的典型词语,非常适合在完形填空中考查。在今后的完形填空中是有可能考的,决不可忽视。,(1)首句不设空:有助于考生了解或推测全文的大意。(2)选项特点:同一小题的四个选项都是同一词类,且为同一语法形式。即:若四个选项都是名词,要么四个都是单数,要么四个都是复数;若四个选项都是动词,要么四个都是-ing形式,要么四个都是-ed形式,要么四个都是原形,
4、要么四个都是第三人称单数形式;若是形容词或副词,要么四个都是原形,要么四个都是比较级或最高级。,设空方式,正确选项的分布较为均匀,即A、B、C和D四个选项中各占23个。尚未出现1个或4个这类情况。请看近四年高考题正确选面的分布情况:,答案配置,名师指津:2011年高考为15空,根据正确答案均等的原则,ABCD各占34题,若对其中14个题有把握,只有1个题没有把握时,可以根据答案均等的原则去考虑。如你的“正确答案”中只有1个或2个B,那么这个没把握的题很可能就是选B了。,高效解题密招,三个原则(1)上下求索寻信息。这是因为有的空格的答案信息点在空格前,有的在空格后,有的在前文和后文都有出现,需要
5、综合起来考虑或起相互印证的效果。有时,还要通过上、下文提供的信息,结合常识,适当运用逻辑推理。,根据上述对广东高考完形填空的命题的研究,我们归纳了以下一些解题方法:,例1Every country has its own culture. Even though each country uses doors, doors may have different functions and purposes which lead to22differences. (2010广东)21. A. different B. Important C. practical D. unusual解析:由前句
6、Every country has its own culture(每个国家都有自己的文化)可知,每个国家的门的不同功能和目的也会导致“文化”差异。,例2The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, 27 who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on 28 . (2010广东)27. A. parents B. students C. t
7、eachers D. drivers28. A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier解析:因是校车,上下车的可能是学生,也可能是老师,所以27选B或C都似乎可以,但是由下文与之并列的and students who were getting on should get on .可知,只能选B (students)。28题能与上文first相对的,只有later,故选B。,(2)左顾右盼找搭配。答题时,眼睛不能只盯在空格上或盯在一个句子上,一定要“左顾右盼”,弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意,有时不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系,这时需要根据上下文的意思来
8、作定夺。,例3On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and .(2009广东)21. A. found B. Misunderstood C. mistook D. judged解析:四个选项中,能与后面for搭配的,只有mistook;即mistake A for B (将A误以为B)。,例4Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his
9、money to 28 the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who . (2009广东)28. A. establish B. Form C. develop D. promote解析:根据动宾搭配,在四个选项中,能与名词the Nobel prizes(诺贝尔奖)搭配的,只有establish(设立),即“设立诺贝尔奖”。而说用他的大部分钱去“构成/开发/促进”诺贝尔奖,都是讲不通的。,(3)思前想后通全文。有时,若单独看空格处或空格所在句,其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都没有错,句子也通顺,但结合全文内容来理解,就只有一
10、个最佳答案了。因此,选择答案时,一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境,而且要在全文中也讲得通,即贯通全文。,例5Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.29. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D
11、. contributions解析:若单独看空格处,选项B、C、D都可以填,make great sacrifices作出巨大牺牲,make great changes发生巨大变化,make great contributions作出巨大贡献;但从文章内容或常识来看,诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学等领域“作出过巨大贡献”的人,故只能选D。,例6Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite
12、 (炸药). .the article read. “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” .Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to .23. A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular解析:若单独看空前的became,填四个选项都没有语法错误,但是由首句became a millionai
13、re和后文give the largest part of his money可知,此空应选C (rich)。,(1)通读全文,理解大意。重视首句信息,跳过空格,浏览全文,从整体上感知全文,理解文章大意,这是解题的基础。,四个步骤,(2)瞻前顾后,避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下,结合各选项的意义和用法,遵循先易后难的原则,先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题,暂时跳过,或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了,或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。在这一步,我们要坚持“三个原则”,进行“七点考虑”(见下文)。,(3)复读全文,解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格
14、,我们对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。(4)再次复读,弥补疏漏。全部做好后,考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容以确保全文文意连贯。,(1)考虑词语关联。在根据上下文提示或暗示时,要考虑前后词语之间的关联性。如:passenger对应的可以是bus, plane, tube等“交通工具”, 也可以对应driver, conductor等“职业”,还可以是ticket, seat, flight等,那么,当上下文出现其中若干个词语时,我们就非常容易得出答案了。,七点考虑,例1 To make sure that he was remembered with lo
15、ve and respect. Nobel arranged in his 27 to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes, .Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about. (2009广东)27. A. book B. article C. will D. contract解析:根据常识,一般不会在书中、在文章中,或在合同中去安排捐款设立奖项,即book, article和contract与arrange to
16、give money没有相关性;又因will (遗嘱)与die (死), arrange(安排后事),极具相关性,故选C。,(2)考虑语篇标志。“语篇标志”是指那些表明语篇之间内在联系的词语,如表示结构层次的有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等;表示因果关系有thus, therefore, so等;表示递进关系的有besides, whats more, further等;表示时间关系的有before, so far, meanwhile, later等;表示转折关系的有but, while, on the other hand, although等。解题时,如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文的关系,从而作出正确的选择。如:,例2First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching .43 , I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk .Finally