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1、 MRO管理-详解 本条目包含过多不是中文的内容，欢迎协助翻译。若已有相当内容译为中文，可迳自去除本模板。MRO管理（Maintenance、Repair and Operations，维护、维修和运营）目录 1 什么是MRO管理 2 Engineering 3 MRO software 4 中国MRO采购及管理存在的问题 5 MRO管理发生的变化 6 MRO管理的意义 7 MRO的范围 8 参考文献什么是MRO管理MRO，是英文Maintenance、Repair and Operations三个词的缩写，指工厂或企业对其生产和工作设施、设备进行保养、维修，保证其运行所需要的非生产性物料，这
2、些物料可能是用于设备保养、维修的备品备件，也可能是保证企业正常运行的相关设备，耗材等物资。Maintenance, repair and operations or maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) is fixing any sort of mechanical or electrical device should it become out of order or broken (repair) as well as performing the routine actions which keep the device in working
3、order (maintenance) or prevent trouble from arising (preventive maintenance). In everyday usage, the term MRO is usually associated with aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul. While most companies in the aircraft MRO space are small, location specific operations, the large airlines like Singapor
4、e Airlines, Lufthansa, Aeroflot etc. have separate business units to service their own equipment.The MRO business is seeing a major boom with the emergence of international carriers and private aviation in Asia. The MRO business in India alone is expected to grow to $45Bn from the current $0.5Bn in
5、the next decade.All actions which have the objective of retaining or restoring an item in or to a state in which it can perform its required function. The actions include the combination of all technical and corresponding administrative, managerial, and supervision actions.1EngineeringIn telecommuni
6、cation, and engineering in general, the term maintenance has the following meanings:1. Any activity such as tests, measurements, replacements, adjustments and repairs intended to retain or restore a functional unit in or to a specified state in which the unit can perform its required functions.2. Fo
7、r material all action taken to retain material in a serviceable condition or to restore it to serviceability. It includes inspection, testing, servicing, classification as to serviceability, repair, rebuilding, and reclamation.3. For material all supply and repair action taken to keep a force in con
8、dition to carry out its mission.4. For material the routine recurring work required to keep a facility (plant, building, structure, ground facility, utility system, or other real property) in such condition that it may be continuously used, at its original or designed capacity and efficiency for its
9、 intended purpose.Manufacturers and Industrial Supply Companies often refer to MRO as opposed to Original Equipment Manufacture (OEM). OEM includes any activity related to the direct manufacture of goods, where MRO refers to any maintenance and repair activity to keep a manufacturing plant running.I
10、ndustrial supply companies can generally be sorted into two types: the ones who cater to the MRO market generally carry a broad range of items such as fasteners, conveyors, cleaning goods, plumbing, and tools to keep a plant running. OEM supply companies generally provide a smaller range of goods in
11、 much larger quantities with much lower prices, selling materials that will be regularly consumed in the manufacturing process to create the finished item.MRO softwareIn many organizations because of the number of devices or products that need to be maintained or the complexity of systems, there is
12、a need to manage the information with software packages. This is particularly the case in aerospace (e.g. airline fleets), military installations, large plants (e.g. manufacturing, power generation, petrochemical) and ships.These software tools help engineers and technicians in increasing the availa
13、bility of systems and reducing costs and repair times as well as reducing material supply time and increasing material availability by improving supply chain communication.As MRO involves working with an organizations products, resources, suppliers and customers, MRO packages have to interface with
14、many enterprise business software systems (PLM,EAM, ERP, SCM, CRM).One of the functions of such software is the configuration of bills of materials or BOMs, taking the component parts list from engineering (eBOM) and manufacturing (mBOM) and updating it from “as delivered” through “as maintained” to
15、 “as used”.Another function is project planning logistics, for example identifying the critical path on the list of tasks to be carried out (inspection, diagnosis, locate/order parts and service) to calculate turnaround times (TAT).Other tasks that software can perform: Planning operations, Managing
16、 execution of events, Management of assets (parts, tools and equipment inventories), Knowledge-base data on:o Maintenance service history,o Serial numbered parts,o Reliability data: MTBF (mean time between failures), MTTB (mean time to breakdown), MTBR (mean time between removals),o Maintenance and repair documentation
