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1、医学英文论文撰写格式及方法 医学英语论文是医学期刊的常见的文体。根据英国TheLan _t _和 _Hong Kong Medical Journal上所登载的论文以及国外其它期刊所刊登的文章来分析,大体包括以下几个方面内容:标题、摘要、引言、方法、结果、讨论、致谢、。关于英语标题和摘要的写作格式在本刊xx年第4期上已经论述。现就论文的引言、方法、结果、讨论、致谢和 _做一详细论述,以飨读者。 引言即是论文的开场白。在论文的引言中, _主要介绍研究的背景和理由,具体说明研究的内容、目的、特点和意义。论文的背景和理由主要指研究主题的历史,现状,进展以及仍然存在的问题。引言可以对前人研究的结果,文
2、献摘用进行评述,并且叙述 _着手研究的原因及研究的新发展等。 该部分内容在时态上常运用一般过去时,一般现在时及现在完成时。举例: The feasibility of ultrasonography for diagnosis of fetal cardiacabnor _lity was recognised in the early 1980s,and cardiac scanningis gradually being incorporated into fetal screening protocols.Theeffect of the screening pro _ss on the
3、 inciden _ and types ofcongenital heartdisease atterm has been difficultto as _rtain because _ny pregnant women and infants travel great distan _s to specialist _ntres which are farfrom their health authority.For a single _ntre,the geographical area from which its fetal referrals arrive is generally
4、not the same as the area attracting postnatal referrals,and the numberof births that each serves is impossible to define.The BritishPaediatric Cardiac Association(BPCA)undertook a nationalcollaborative study of fetal cardiac screening.The aim was to assessthe effect of fetal diagnosis of congenital
5、heart disease on the patternof serious congenital heart disease at term. 该部分可依据所研究的对象或使用的材料和采用的方法,也可分别称之为:对象与方法(Subjects and methods or Patients and methods),材料与方法(Materials and methods)。方法部分实际上是论文的主体,它是对论文的内容和采用的方法作出详细的论述。具体的顺序为:首先是所使用的材料或研究的对象,其次是程序安排,最后是结果计算或统计方法。方法部分一般为回顾性叙述,在时态上多采用一般过去时,偶尔也有用过去
6、完成时。不过,假若叙述的是定义,理论,图表内容及数值,属于客观现象,故可采用一般现在时。举例: The Infor _tion and Statistics Department of the Scottish Homeand Health Department collected data on the demographics andlaboratory results of all possible outbreak cases.We collected clinicaldata by reviewing the case notes of all cases admitted to h
7、ospital inthe Lanarkshire area. All confirmed or probable cases ofEscherilchia coli(E coli)0157 infection,identified in the Lanarkshire area during the outbreakperiod,were included in the asses _ent and _ysis.Confirmedcaseswere those in whom the outbreak strain ofE coliO157 wasisolated from stool sa
8、mples.If stool cultureswere negative atthe locallaboratories,specimens were sent to ScotlandsE colireferen _laboratory in Aberdeen,for the more sensitive isolation method ofimmuno _gic separation.Probable cases were those with bloodydiarrhoea or haemolytic uraemic syndrome(HUS)/thromboticthrombocyto
9、penic purpura(TTP),an association with food sour _simplicated in the outbreak,noE coliO157 isolated,and no otherorgani _ isolated.Adults were defined as patients 15 years of age orolder. To allow standardisation of diagnosis in the fa _ of a hugeclinical workload,a case definition for HUS and TTP wa
10、s developedat the beginning of the outbreak.HUS was defined as eviden _ ofred- _ll haemolysis(red- _ll fragmentation on blood film and lactatedehydrogenase1.5 times the upper limitof nor _lour laboratory 0480 IU/L)plus thrombocytopenia(platelets He had bloody diarrhoea,an association with an implica
11、ted foodsour _,acute renal failure,the criteria for red- _ll haemolysis,and afalling platelet count. In the asses _ent of premorbid illness,medical historiesincluded as relevant were ischaemic heart disease,cardiac failure,hypertention, _rebrovascular disease,renal disease,diabetes,andimmunosuppress
12、ion.Pulmonary oede _was diagnosed on clinical andradiological eviden _. TPE was performed at three _ntres with three Cobe SpectraApheresis Systems(Cobe Laboratories Ltd,Glou _ster,UK)and aBaxter Fenwal CS-3000 Plus Cell Separator(Baxter Healthcare,Newberry,UK).Plas _ was exchanged with 2.02.4 Lfresh
13、 frozenplas _ or cryosupernatant in refractory patients.The anticoagulantused was ACD-A.A bination of _ntral and peripheral venousaess was used.Intravenous hydrocortisone was given with eachexchange.Intravenous prostacyclin was also given to cases re _ivingTPE,at doses between 40 mg/h and 200 mg/h,w
14、here tolerated.Datawere _ysed by means of SPSS(version 7.5). 结果部分是指 _在实验过程中对实验所获得的结果进行客观的评述,也可以说是对实验结果作出归纳。而且结果部分只是系统地介绍与主题研究紧密相关的数据,例如,显着的差异性,P值等,其结果部分是对过去的.实验作出归纳概述,在时态上通常运用一般过去时。举例: There were 262 cases ofE coliO157 infection in theLanarkshire area:200 confirmed cases and 62 probable cases.Themed
15、ian age of all affected was 53 years,but there were highernumbers at the extremes of age.47%(124/262)of infectedindividualswere over 55 years of age.13(5%)people _d.In 10cases death was associated with the systemic plications ofE coliO157 infection. 28(11%)of the Lanarkshire cases ofE coliO157 met t
16、hediagnostic criteria forHUS/TTP.Case _et the criteria forHUS/TTPa median of 7 days(range 415)after the onset of gastrointestinalsymptoms.A further eight cases had eviden _ of thromboticmicroangiopathy but did not meet the criteria for HUS/TTP and werenot eligible for TPE.22(79%)cases with HUS/TTP were _sand six(21%)were
