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1、领航2022年高考一轮复习（语法专练）专题02长难句-（巩固练习）一、考向分析在阅读中,我们经常会遇到一些长难句,这些长难句给我们准确理解文意造成障碍。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。 二、考点精讲考点01长难句的常见类型1.带有较多成分的简单句Having chosen family television programs and womens magazines, the toothpaste marketer, for instance, must select the exact television programs and stations as well as
2、 the specific womens magazines to be used.例如,在选择了家庭电视节目和女性杂志后,牙膏营销人员还必须挑选出准确的电视节目和电视台,以及那些要使用的特定的女性杂志。2.并列复合句Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经增长了几乎125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。3.主从复合句Some language experts believe that
3、10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages be-tween them.一些语言专家认为,在一万年前,当时世界上只有五百万至一千万人,他们之间可能要说12000种语言。考点02长难句的破解步骤1.首先确定句子是简单句、并列复合句还是主从复合句。2.如果是简单句,首先确定主谓结构;接着确定宾语和宾语补足语(如果有的话);然后确定定语和状语等次要成分,即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分,给出全句大意(可用翻译法
4、)。译文意思应当通顺,并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大,文理不通,则分析可能有误,这时应考虑重新分析句子结构。3.如果是并列复合句,首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句;接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意;然后将全句综合起来。4.如果是主从复合句,首先应找出从属连词并确定主句。这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义;接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意;然后确定从句的性质,即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构;最后整体综合全句,尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。【典例1】(2021江苏卷)With farmers over the age
5、 of 65 outnumbering(多于)farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nations farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nations food. 【典例2】(2021课标全国卷)We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the firs
6、t sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.【典例3】(2020浙江卷)His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, in-cluding things that fall off garbage truc
7、ks as they drive down the road.考点03长难句分析的注意事项在分析句子成分时,还应特别注意以下几点: 1.是否有同位语和插入语;2.是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象;3.替代词的所指对象;4.判断并列成分的层次;5.在从句多的句子中,从句中又包含从句的现象;6.在有多个从句的复合句中,状语(单个词、短语或从句)究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。【模拟闯关】分析下面的长难句并写出每句的译文1.(2021课标全国卷)When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make
8、 an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.本句为。句中非谓语动词combined作。【译文】 2.(2020课标全国卷)The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health
9、products on the market.本句为。句中Save Money: Good Food为,which引导,在从句中作;how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market作介词on的。【译文】 3.(2019课标全国卷)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future
10、 professions and, eventually, to our lives.本句为。句中In order to引导的不定式短语作,how引导。【译文】 4.Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.本句为。在第一个分句中
11、before引导;第二个分句中because引导。【译文】 5.(2020课标全国卷)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.本句为。and前的第一个分句是,with短语作修饰people;第二个分句中when引导,as引导。【译文】 6.Miss L
12、ongfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.本句为。句中warned后的内容为that引导的,worried about.和anxious about.作,对从句中主语的状态予以说明,they follow on platforms为,as a result of和due to引导的介词短语作。【译文】 4
