《专题01句子成分-领航2022年高考一轮复习（语法专练）（解析版）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题01句子成分-领航2022年高考一轮复习（语法专练）（解析版）（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、领航2022年高考一轮复习（考点专练）专题01句子成分一、考向分析句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语等,虽然高考没有对其进行直接考查,但是句子成分对于判断考和确定答案有非常大的帮助。例如,在考点填空题中,提示词是动词,空格处在句中作目的状语,且与主语是主动关系,则答案为不式。二、考点精讲考点01：主语主语相当于句子的话题或主题,即要说明的人或物。能用来作主语的有名词、代词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句等。如:1.My pen is green. 我的钢笔是绿色的。(名词作主语)The rich are not always happy.富人也不总是开心的
2、。(“the+形容词”表示一类人,相当于名词)2.Her pen is blue, and mine is red.她的钢笔是蓝色的,我的是红色的。(名词性物主代词作主语)3.Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的身体有害。(动名词作主语)Taking a walk is much better than staying at home. 散步比待在家里要好得多。(动名词短语作主语)4.To see is to believe.眼见为实。(动词不定式作主语)It will take him 3 hours to go to the sta
3、tion on foot.他步行去车站需要3个小时。(it作形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正的主语)5. Its suggested that we should hold another meeting right away.有人建议我们马上再召开一次会议。(it充当形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)【单句填空】1.Many people _live along the coast make a living in fishing industry.2.Thedisappearance_(disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caus
4、ed by astronomical incidents.【单句改错】3.There is no doubt that do exercise is beneficial to our health.dodoing考点02：谓语句子中用来说明主语的动作或存在的状态的部分叫谓语。谓语一般位于主语之后,谓语中最重要的部分是谓语动词,它有时态、语态和语气的变化,并受主语人称和数的影响。谓语动词分类(1)行为动词(或实义动词)具有明确的动作意义。行为动词分为不及物动词和及物动词,不及物动词本身词义完整,可以独立作谓语,而及物动词本身词义不完整,必须后跟宾语。I believe that the com
5、mittee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。(believe为及物动词,后加that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句中consider为及物动词,后加our suggestion作宾语)How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!(fly为不及物动词)(2)系动词(或连系动词)起连接主语和表语的作用,本身有一定的词义,它和实义动词一样有时态的变化,也受主语的人称和数的影响。It was late at night when we finally arrived.我们最后到达时已是深夜。The dish tastes good.这盘菜尝起来
6、很好。(taste为系动词,后加形容词作表语)Gong Yues voice sounds so sweet.龚玥的嗓音听起来真甜。(sound为系动词,后加形容词sweet作表语)(3)助动词可以协助主要动词构成不同的时态或语态,也可帮助主要动词一起表示疑问、否定或强调。常见的助动词有be(am/is/are/was/were)、do(does/did)、have(has/had)、will。We are running in the playground.我们正在操场上跑步。(are帮助现在分词running构成现在进行时)The flowers are often watered by
7、me.我经常给这些花儿浇水。(are帮助过去分词watered构成被动语态)He doesnt get up early every day.他并非每天起床都很早。(does帮助get up构成一般现在时的否定式)He does work very hard.他工作的确十分努力。(does帮助行为动词work构成强调结构)Do you want to pass the exam?你想通过考试吗?(do帮助want构成疑问结构)By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.到上月末为止,他们已经完成一半的工作了。(h
8、ad帮助过去分词finished构成过去完成时)He will come here tomorrow.他明天将来这里。(will帮助come构成一般将来时)【单句填空】1.In the 1950s in the USA, most families _(have) just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadnt been invented yet.2.It suddenly occurred to him that he _(leave) his keys in the office.【单句改错】3.I found the test diff
9、icult, but I tried hard to do it; suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers.考点03：表语表语在句中用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征、状态、职业、内容、(动作)方向或处所等。表语需位于系动词之后。可以作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、不定式(短语)、分词、动名词(短语)以及从句(表语从句)等。Five years later, he became an engineer.五年后,他成了一名工程师。(名词作表语)This is my dictionary. That is y
10、ours.这是我的词典,那本是你的。(代词作表语)We must keep healthy. 我们必须保持健康。(形容词作表语)My aim is to become a doctor.我的目标是成为一名医生。(不定式短语作表语)My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英文。(动名词短语作表语)The movie is quite moving.这部电影非常感人。(现在分词作表语)Thats why I want to stay here. 那就是我想待在这里的原因。(表语从句作表语)【单句填空】1.I cannot control my body well. My
11、 legs become _(pain).2.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copper-field, was_it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 【单句改错】3.The teachers here are kind and helpfully; they are not only our teachers but also our friends.考点04：宾语表示谓语动词动作对象的成分叫宾语,即宾语是动作的承受者。英语中,及物动词(或相当于
12、及物动词的动词短语)、介词须带宾语。可以充当宾语的有名词(短语)、代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词化的形容词以及从句(宾语从句)等。1.单宾语I am reading a book. 我在看书。(名词作动词的宾语)Im going to Beijing with my father.我计划和我父亲去北京。(名词作介词的宾语)2.双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)Yesterday my father bought me a new bike. 昨天我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。(代词me和a new bike分别作动词bought的间接宾语和直接宾语)3.复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)My t
13、eacher advises me to read English aloud every morning.我的老师建议我每天早上大声朗读英语。(me为宾语;to read English aloud every morning为宾语补足语)【单句填空】1.Susan made it clear to me that she wished _(make) a new life for herself.2.Keep _(hold) your position for a while.【单句改错】3.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, bu
14、t also teach me how to be a good person.考点05：补足语补语是用来说明宾语或主语的动作、性质、状态等的一种句子成分。能作补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式和分词(现在分词、过去分词)等。含有宾语补足语的句子在变为被动句时,宾语补足语便成了主语补足语。We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。(形容词作宾补)We call the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟波利。(名词作宾补)Our teacher told us to play outside. 我们老师让我们在外面玩。(动词不定式短语作宾补)I sa
15、w Jack playing under a tree. 我看到杰克在一棵树下玩耍。(现在分词短语作宾补)My father made me stay at home last night.昨晚我父亲让我待在家里。(不带to的不定式作宾补)I was seen to come back today by Tom.今天我被汤姆看到回来了。(不定式作主语补足语)【单句填空】1.Many airlines now allow passengers _(print) their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.2.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _(sit) at the front. 3.The aim of education is to teach young people _(think) for themselves and not to follow others blindly.【单句改错】4.Hope you good healt
