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1、在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句的连接词,从属连词： that（无意义，在从句中不作成分，只有宾语从句可以省略，其它不省）, whether, if （“是否”，仅引导宾语从句）,连接代词：who（在从句中作主语或宾语），whom （在从句中仅作宾语），what （在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语），which（在从句中作定语、主语、宾语），whoever, whichever, whatever, whomeve
2、r ,连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever，however 其他连接词（词组）：because, as if/ as though ,主语从句,it作形式主语的常用句型 主语从句位于句首作主语，谓语动词用单数,that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型 It + be + adj. (obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, certain, probable ) + that 从句 Its certain that she will do well in her exam. 可以肯定她
3、会考得很好。,It + be + 名词词组 ( no wonder, an honour, a pity, no surprise ) + that 从句 Its no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队赢了比赛并不惊奇。,It + be + 过去分词 ( said, reported, thought, expected, decided ) + that 从句 Its said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到北京了。,主语从句位于句首 1) That China will
4、 become more powerful is certain. 中国将变得更加强大使确定无疑的。 2) Who will host the meeting hasnt been decided. 谁来主持会议还没有决定。 3) Which plan is better should be discussed. 应该讨论哪一个计划更好。 4) Whoever comes to China is welcome 无论谁来中国都受欢迎。,宾语从句,及物动词或动词短语后的宾语从句 介词后的宾语从句 形容词后的宾语从句,1) I hope (that) you can join us in the
5、game. 我希望你能和我们一起参加这场比赛。 2) The police asked me how the accident had happened. 警察问我事故是怎么发生的。 3) He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting. 他想知道经理在会上说了些什么。,介词后的宾语从句： 介词后常用wh-类词引导宾语从句。用that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，一般要用形式宾语it代替，然后将that从句放在后面。介词except/ but （除了），in 后可直接接that引导的宾语从句。 in that 连词：由于，在于
6、,1) We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 2) You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 请你相信我，我总会帮助你的。 3) He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。,形容词后的宾语从句：sure, certain, glad, pleas
7、ed, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。,Im sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather. 我确信不管天气如何坏，他们都会取得成功的。 Were all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty. 再次战胜了困难，我们都很高兴。,注意,宾语从句用陈述句语序，但是Whats the matter 和Whats wrong 除外。 宾语从句的that可以省略，
8、但是并列的宾语从句第一个that可省，后面不能省。 The teacher said the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如：think, make, feel, find，consider等，可以用it 作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在后面。如： We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。,表语从句,表语从句在系动词（be, look, s
9、eem, taste, feel, sound, appear）后，对主语进行解释说明 as if/though 常见句型： It/This/That was/is because+ 原因 It/This/That was/is why+ 结果 The reason why/foris/was that The reason is because/ why,同位语从句 在主从复合句中，跟在名词后，进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容，作同位语的句子叫同位语从句。同位语从句与被修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。,1. 常见跟同位语从句的名词 同位语从句用于某些抽象名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容，如：fa
10、ct, hope, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, word （消息）, possibility, truth, decision（决定）,opinion, feeling, reason, belief, doubt（怀疑、疑惑）等， 同位语从句对前面的名词起解释说明的作用。,The fact that some counties are still suffering from poverty is really a big problem to the world. 有一些国家仍然贫穷这一事实对整个世界来说真的是一个问题。 The qu
11、estion whether we need more time to do the work is not clear. 我们是否需要更多时间做这项工作这个问题还不清楚。 I have no idea when theyll be back and settle down. 我不知道他们什么回来定居。,定语从句和同位语从句的区别：,引导词that 引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（作宾语可省略），并在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用，不能省略。 The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting. （定语从句） We heard the news that our team had won. （同位语从句）,when, where, why 引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则可定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. （定语从句） I have no idea when she will be back. （同位语从句）,
