英语连词及其用法[32页]

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1、英语连词(1),2011-03-23,一、并列连词,1、表示对等关系的并列连词。使用该类并列连词时必须保持结构对等,词性统一,在句子中要使用对等成分,不可失之偏颇。常用的该类连词有:and,eitheror,neithernor,as well as,bothand,not onlybut also。如: This is an old clock that is not only very handsome but also accurate 2、表示选择关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有:or,or else,otherwise,rather than,eitheror。如: You shou

2、ld get the license right away,or youll have to pay a fine,3、表示转折和对比关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有:but,while,whereas,yet,however,nevertheless,on the other hand,on the contrary。如: She is a funny girl,yet you cant help liking her 4、表示因果关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有:so,for,therefore,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly。如: It was r

3、aining heavily,so the sports meeting was postponed,二、从属连词,1、引导时间状语的从属连词。该类连词除一些常用的外,还包括:as soon as,the moment(一就),the minute,the instant,once, immediately(一就),no soonerthan (一就),hardlywhen(刚就)。 如: He told me the news immediately he got it 2、引导地点状语的从属连词。该类连词有两个:where和wherever。如: Where there is a life

4、,there is a hope 3、引导条件状语的从属连词。该类连词除if,unless和if only(要是就好了),还有: provided(that),providing(that),supposing(that),suppose,in case(that),as long as(只要),on condition that。如: If only I had more money,I could buy some new clothes,4、引导目的状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:so that,that,in order that,lest,for fear that, in case

5、(that)。例如: She worried for fear that the child would be hurt 5、引导原因状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:as,because,since,in that, now that(既然),seeing that(鉴于)。例如: Seeing that it is eight oclock,well wait no longer 6、引导比较状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:as,asas,less(more) than,the morethe more。例如: The more we can do for you,the happier w

6、e will be,7、引导方式状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:as,as if(好像),as though(好像)。例如: Heat can flow from a hot body to a cooler body as if it were a fluid 8、引导结果状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:sothat,suchthat,so(that)。例如: He is such an honest man that everyone would like to trust him 9、引导让步状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:though,although,even if,even tho

7、ugh, while,as,whatever,however,whoever,no matter(不管)。例如: Hard as he tried,he failed to pass the exam,三、连接代词和连接副词,这类词用来引导名词性从句。 连接代词有: that,which,what,who,whose等; 连接副词有:when,where,how,why等。,四、关系代词和关系副词,这类词用来引导定语从句。关系代词包括:who,that,which,as,whose,whom等。关系副词包括:when,where,why,how等。 关系代词和关系副词起着三重作用: 其一,它们

8、连接着主句和从句; 其二,它们代表着主句的一个先行词(which和as还可以代表主句中的一个词组或整个句子); 其三,它们又在从句中充当成分。,特殊的连词,一 . 由动词转化成的连词 1. suppose (如果,假使)引导条件状语从句。例如: Suppose it rains, what shall we do?如果天下雨,我们该怎么办? 2. save (除了,只是)引导状语从句,表示伴随状况。例如: A similar timetable has been used, save that the morning break is shorter.已经采用了差不多相同的时间表,只是早上的休

9、息时间缩短了。,二 . 由分词转化成的连词 1. 现在分词 由现在分词转化成的连词有 seeing (考虑到), supposing (假定) , providing (如果的话), considering (考虑到)等,可用来引导条件状语从句。例如: ( 1 ) He can stay here providing he works.如果他工作的话,他可以留在这儿。 ( 2 ) Supposing that youve made some progress, you should not be proud.假定你有了一些进步,你也不应该骄傲自大。 ( 3 ) Considering they

10、 are newcomers, theyve done very well.考虑到他们是新来的,他们已经做得很好了。,2. 过去分词 由过去分词转化成的连词有 provided (如果的话;以为条件), granted (假定;即使)等,可用来引导条件状语从句。例如: ( 1 ) You may go, provided your work is done.如果你的工作做完了,你就可以走了。 ( 2 ) Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesnt mean hes going to do so.即使他有足够的钱来买这

11、栋房子,他也不一定会这么做。,三 . 由副词转化成的连词 directly 和 immediately 均表示“一就,马上,立刻”的意思,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如: ( 1 ) Directly I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.我刚做完这件事,就知道出错了。 ( 2 ) I came immediately Id eaten.我一吃完就来了。,四 . 由名词转化成的连词 由名词转化过来的连词,前面一般都有定冠词。 1. the moment, the instant, the minute 这几个词组都表示“一就,马上,立刻”的意思,可

12、用来引导时间状语从句。例如: ( 1 ) I will meet you the instant you arrive.你一到我就去见你。 ( 2 ) The moment you leave, please tell me. 你一动身就请告诉我。 2. the first (或 second, next, last ) time (或 moment )表示“在某一次的时候”,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如: I liked her the first time I met her. 第一次见到她时我就喜欢上了她。,五 . 介词短语转化成的关联连词 常见的有 for fear that (唯恐)

13、, in case that (假使), in order that (为了), on condition that (如果), with the result that (结果)等,可用来引导条件、目的或结果状语从句。例如: ( 1 ) He hurried home for fear that he might miss his guests. 他急忙赶回家,唯恐见不到他的客人。 ( 2 ) In case Im late, start without me. 如果我来晚了,你们不必等我。 ( 3 ) I was in the bath with the result that I did

14、nt hear the telephone. 我正在浴室里洗澡,结果没有听见电话铃响。 ( 4 ) They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony. 为了能及时参加开幕典礼,他们乘飞机到了那里。,常用的英语连词,1) 先后次序关系:at this time; first; second; at last; next;previously; simultaneously; eventually;last but not least;to begin with;to start w

15、ith;to end with;finally;seeing.;since then;first of all;afterwards; following this; preceding this. 2) 因果关系:because;because of this;being that;another important factorreason of. ; since; as; for; in that.; owing to; due to; for the reason that.; in view of; the reason seems to be obvious; there are

16、about. ;for this reason; as a result of this; therefore;.and so.; consequently;as a result; thus; hence; so;so that.; in consequence; as a consequence; accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.,3) 转折关系:but;even so;however;though;even though;independent of;reckless of ;despite that; in spite of that; regardless of; yet.;and yet; but ,unless. 4) 并列关系: and; also;too;as well as;either.,or.;both.and. 5) (补充)递进关系: furthermore;moreover;further;In this way ;still; not only.but also.; n

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