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1、2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot 1 its l
2、egitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3 the courts reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likel
3、y that the courts decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5 by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself 6 to the code of conduct that 7 to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases 8 the question of whet
4、her there is still a 9 between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions 11 they would be free to 12 those in power and have no need to 13 political support. Our legal system was designed to s
5、et law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely 14 .Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15 like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it 16 is inescapably politicalwhich is why decisi
6、ons split along ideological lines are so easily 17 as unjust.The justices must 18 doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves 19 to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, 20 , convincing as law.1. A emphasizeB maintainC mo
7、difyD recognize2. A whenB lestC beforeD unless3. A restoredB weakenedC establishedD eliminated4. A challengedB compromisedC suspectedD accepted5. A advancedB caughtC boundD founded6. A resistantB subjectC immuneD prone7. A resortsB sticksC leadsD applies8. A evadeB raiseC denyD settle9. A lineB barr
8、ierC similarityD conflict10. A byB asC throughD towards11. A soB sinceC providedD though12. A serveB satisfyC upsetD replace13. A confirmB expressC cultivateD offer14. A guardedB followedC studiedD tied15. A conceptsB theoriesC divisionsD conventions16. A excludesB questionsC shapesD controls17. A d
9、ismissedB releasedC rankedD distorted18. A suppressB exploitC addressD ignore19. A accessibleB amiableC agreeableD accountable20. A by all meansB at all costsC in a wordD as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
10、choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come onEverybodys doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no gooddrinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her n
11、ew book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pul
12、itzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex amo
13、ng their peers.The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different
14、, please dont smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagersteenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the so
