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1、2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickl
2、y, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle loss a
3、nd the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that 7measurements of lean muscle and abdominalfat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-
4、aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 .For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resul
5、ted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women. 16 , there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in o
6、rder to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.181. A pauses2. A alternativelyB returnsB fo
7、rmallyC peaksC accidentallyD fadesD generally3.A whileB sinceC onceD until4.A detectionB accumulationC consumptionD separation5.A possibilityB decisionC goalD requirement6.A delayB ensureC seekD utilize7.A modifiedB supportedC includedD predicted8.A devotedB comparedC convertedD applied9.A withB abo
8、veC byD against10. A livedB managedC scoredD played11. A ran outB set offC drew inD went by12. A superiorB attributableC parallelDresistant13. A restoredB isolatedC involvedD controlled14. A alterB spreadC removeD explain15. A compensationsB symptomsC demandsD treatments16. A LikewiseB MeanwhileC Th
9、ereforeD Instead17. A changeB watchC countD take18. A well-beingB processC formationDcoordination19. A levelB loveC knowledgeD space20. A designB routineC dietD prescriptionSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing
10、 A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on
11、 those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This years rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a fraction lower than last years, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.Successive governments have permitted such i
12、ncreases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally
13、, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.However, over the past 12 months, those commuters h
14、ave also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.
