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1、Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries发展中国家与发达国家The Human Development Report人类发展报告In the year 2000,147 world leaders agree to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.2000年，147个国家领导人达成协议，一起努力到2015年甚至更早缓解贫困，这个协议达成后接下来便产生了人类发展报告。One
2、 of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index. This examines the achievements of 175 countries.这个报告最重要的一部分就是“人类发展指标”，这对175个国家的成果作了分析检测。The Index measures a countrys achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income. The i
3、ndex has some surprises. 这项指标从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命（人们通常能活多久）、教育和收入。这项指标显示了一些令人感到意外的情况。Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。The other top five countries are: Iceland (2), Sweden (3), Australia (4), the Netherlands (5).中间五个国家按名次分别是冰岛、瑞典、澳大利亚和荷兰，The UK is in the thi
4、rteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.英国位居第十三，而中国排在名单的中间。处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，西非的塞拉利昂排在最后。The report describes eight Development Goals. The most important goals are to: 这
5、个报告描述了八个发展目标，最重要的目标是：reduce poverty and hunger;缓解贫穷和饥饿；make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;确保11岁以上的孩子都能接受教育；fight AIDS and other diseases;战胜艾滋病和其他疾病improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water;改善穷人的生活环境，如确保他们都喝上安全健康的饮用水；encourage dev
6、eloped countries to give more help to other countries.鼓励发达国家给予其他国家更多的帮助。The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years (1953-1962), China increased life expectancy by 13 years. 2003年的人类发展报告报告了几个发展成功的实例，譬如，在九年（1953-1962）的时间里，中国的人均寿命就增加了13岁；In th
7、e last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. 在过去的十年中，中国有1.5亿人摆脱了贫穷，然而，仍然还存在着很大的挑战。Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. 在发展中国家每天仍有7.99亿人处于饥饿中，这些人中有一半是南亚或者非洲的；Alt
8、hough more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. 虽然发展中国家超过80%的孩子能上小学，但是仍然有1.15亿的孩子没有接受教育；More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water.在发展中国家还有超过一百万的人喝不到安全健康的饮用水，However, in other regions of
9、the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.但是在世界的其他地区，如东欧，水已经基本上可以安全饮用了。The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. 报告显示我们正在进步，但是我们必须做出更大的努力。Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. 虽然发达国家提供了一些经济救援，但是提供救援的数量应该大大增加。Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.有趣的是，给予最多经济资助的国家分别是荷兰、挪威和瑞典。 These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.这几个国家都是世界上最富裕的五个国家中的，所以它们应该这么做的。
